Rasch 모형을 활용한 조직 지원 인식 재검증 연구
A Re-examination of Perceived Organizational Support Measurement Using the Rasch Model
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본 연구의 목적은 조직 지원 인식(perceived organizational support; POS) 측정도구의 타당성을 다차원 적으로 재검증하는 데 있다. 선행 연구를 검토한 결과, 조직 지원 인식 측정도구는 대부분 Eisenberger, Huntington, Sowa(1986)에 기초하지만 문항 수와 응답 범주는 다양했다. 기존 측정도구 중 조현정(2019) 이 번안한 도구가 가장 적절하다고 판단하여 이를 활용하여 3개의 다른 표본을 수집하였다. 표본 1 은 제조업 회사 구성원 266명의 응답, 표본 2는 국내 리조트기업 5개사에서 구성원 211명의 응답, 표본 3은 제조업 연구개발인력 271명의 응답으로 구성된다. 타당도 검증을 위해 기존의 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석뿐만 아니라 Rasch 모형을 활용하여 문항 적합도, 곤란도, 응답 범주의 적절성을 분석하 였다. 요인분석 결과를 토대로 16문항의 조직 지원 인식 측정도구는 긍정 문항과 부정 문항이 혼재 해 부정 문항에 대한 방법 효과를 모델링한 2-factor 모형이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났고, 이 과정 에서 2개 문항(13, 16번 문항)에 문제가 있음을 발견하였다. Rasch 모형 분석 결과, 긍정 문항과 부정 문항은 구분될 필요가 있음을 재확인했고, 1개 문항(1번 문항)의 적합도에 문제가 있음을 발견하였 다. 이상의 내용을 바탕으로 본 연구는 조직 지원 인식 측정도구 개정 버전 및 조직 지원 인식과 관련한 이론적⋅실천적 시사점을 제시하였다
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to re-examine the validity of the measurement for perceived organizational support (POS). A literature review showed that most of the measurements were based on Eisenberger, Huntington, and Sowa’s (1986) study, but the number of items and response categories varied. Among the existing measurements, Cho’s (2019) translated version was considered the most appropriate, and three different samples were collected using it. Sample 1 consists of 266 employees from a manufacturing company, sample 2 consists of 211 employees from five resort companies, and sample 3 consists of 271 R&D employees from a manufacturing company. To test the validity of the measurement, not only factor analysis and reliability test, but also infit, outfit, difficulty, and response categories were analyzed using the Rasch model. We found that the two-factor model with a method factor on negatively worded items was the most suitable and there was a problem with two items (i.e., item 13 and 16) as a result of factor analysis. We reconfirmed that positively and negatively worded items should be distinguished as a result of the Rasch model, and found that there is a problem with the infit and outfit of one item (i.e., item 1). Based on the findings, we suggested the theoretical and practical implications for the revised version of the perceived organizational support recognition measurement.
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