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형평 선호 질문항의 수정을 위한 예비연구: 문항반응 이론의 적용

A preliminary study for refinement of Equity Preference Questionnaire: Application of Item response theory(IRT)

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주제분류심리과학

초록

형평성 민감도 구성개념을 측정하는 형평성 민감도 척도(Equity sensitivity Instrument:ESI; Huseman, Hatfield 및 Miles, 1987)의 대안으로 형평 선호 질문항(Equity Preference Questionnaire: EPQ; Sauley & Bedeian, 2000)이 개발되었다. 16개의 문항으로 구성된 EPQ는 처음 하나의 요인으로 구성된 척도로 개발되었으나, 후속 연구들에서 다요인으로 구성되어 있다는 것이 지속적으로 보고되었으며 차원성을 포함한 척도의 타당성 및 유용성에 대한 논쟁이 제기되었다(Foote와 Harmon, 2006; Shore와 Strauss, 2008). 본 연구에서는 요인분석 방법을 사용하여 EPQ 척도가 여러 개의 하위 요인으로 구성된 단일 차원이라는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 선행 연구들에서는 신뢰도와 같은 고전 검사 이론을 적용하여 EPQ 척도의 동질성을 검증하였으나 문항 수준에서 형평성 민감도를 구성하는 자비형과 독점형의 특성을 정확하게 추정하지 못하는 한계가 있었다(Foote와 Harmon, 2006). 본 연구에서는 문항 반응 이론(Item Response Theory: IRT; Embretson와 Reise, 2000)을 사용하여 문항 수준에서 EPQ척도를 살펴보았다. 문항 정보 함수가 작은 6개의 문항을 제거한 후, 요인분석 결과 수정된 EPQ척도는 처음 개발한 것과 동일하게 하나의 척도가 도출되었다. 수정된 EPQ 척도와 조직 태도(직무만족, 보상만족 및 조직몰입)의 관계를 살펴본 결과 전통적인 형평성 민감도 연구에서 보여준 것과 일관되게 준거 타당도가 나왔다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 시사점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논하였다.

Abstract

Equity Preference Questionnaire (EPQ; Sauley & Bedeian, 2000) was developed as an alternative measure of Equity Sensitivity Instrument (ESI; Huseman, Hatfield, & Miles, 1987) assessing the construct of equity sensitivity. However, EQP appeared to have sub-dimensions, making it difficult to explain which the sub-factors are relavant to the equity sensitivity and causing the dispute on the validity issue, including the multidimensionality, of the measure. Current study, by using the principal component analysis, was able to confirm that EPQ was unidimensional. Besides, with the use of Item Response Theory (IRT; Embretson, & Reise, 2000), the EPQ measuere was investigated at the item level, which was unable to precisely estimate, in the classical test theory, the trait of both ‘Benevolents’ and ‘Entitleds’ comprised of equity sensitivity. Based on the results of both item and test information funcion in IRT, 6 out of 16 items were dropped from the measure due to the lack of the item information. The modified EPQ resulted in single factor as originally devised by Sauley and Bedeian(2000), and the predicting power of the revised measure remained stable. Implications are noted for further inquiry into refinement of modified EPQ.

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