A Syntactic Account of Chicheŵa Reciprocal Affixation
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A templatic analysis of Bantu suffix ordering has been widely accepted since Hyman (2003). Although the morphological template covers a variety of morpheme combinations in Chicheŵa, it raises several problems. In this paper, I argue that a correct understanding of the syntax of reciprocal enables us to account for the interactions of the reciprocal affix -an with other argument-structure-altering affixes. In particular, I propose that the reciprocal morpheme -an in Chicheŵa occupies a type of Voice head – namely, VoiceREC. VoiceREC probes a plural DP argument and internally merges it in its specifier position. Thus, with VoiceREC, a single argument is associated with two A-positions. The ability of the reciprocal suffix to select for the productive applicative head and the incompatibility with passive Voice support a treatment of Chicheŵa reciprocal as a syntactic Voice head. Finally, I present a structural explanation of the possible and impossible morpheme combinations containing -an.
Abstract
A templatic analysis of Bantu suffix ordering has been widely accepted since Hyman (2003). Although the morphological template covers a variety of morpheme combinations in Chicheŵa, it raises several problems. In this paper, I argue that a correct understanding of the syntax of reciprocal enables us to account for the interactions of the reciprocal affix -an with other argument-structure-altering affixes. In particular, I propose that the reciprocal morpheme -an in Chicheŵa occupies a type of Voice head – namely, VoiceREC. VoiceREC probes a plural DP argument and internally merges it in its specifier position. Thus, with VoiceREC, a single argument is associated with two A-positions. The ability of the reciprocal suffix to select for the productive applicative head and the incompatibility with passive Voice support a treatment of Chicheŵa reciprocal as a syntactic Voice head. Finally, I present a structural explanation of the possible and impossible morpheme combinations containing -an.
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