김천택(金天澤) 편 『청구영언(靑丘永言) 』의 문헌 특성과 편찬 맥락

Abstract

In this paper, in the context of the release of the original edition, we review the characteristics of the biography and composition of Cheongguyeongeon, compiled by Gim Cheontaek, and explore the context of the compilation. Cheongguyeongeon is a manuscript, measuring 26.5×17.5cm(length×width) in size, comprising a total of 140 pages. Although the cover is missing, the original title of the anthology was found to be “靑丘永言” in the introduction and epilogue(seobalmun). The red square on the bottom right of the first page was read with the jeonseo font(篆書體), written by “Nampageosa(南坡居士)”. It has been suggested that Gim Cheontaek compiled Cheongguyeongeon himself. It is clear that the sentences were written attractively and during one period, since the handwriting is consistent with the haengcho font(行草體). Having completed the editing, it is widely believed that Gim Cheontaek wrote and imprinted his ownership stamp. It is not easy to judge, however, whether or not the charged subject is Gim Cheontaek himself, or whether he asked a neighbor capable of writing Korean fonts. Cheongguyeongeon may be the first anthology, but it is as perfect as later anthologies. He centered on Sakdaeyeopgok and placed Jungdaeyeopgok at the forefront. Sakdaeyeopgok was at the center of the Gagok directing at the time, and Jungdaeyeopgok was recognized as a relatively old style. Later, Naksijo, <Jangjinjusa>, <Maengsanggunga>, and Manhoengcheongnyu, which are different from previous works, were published in order to bring out Gagok's flow and contemporary interest. Among these, Isakdaeyeop was perhaps the favorite music of the contemporary period. The number 391, which corresponds to about 67.4% of the 580 words, is included here. Isakdaeyeop distinguished between yumyeongssi(identified person) and mumyeongssi(unidentified person). According to their status, writers divided their works into the works of Sadaebu(nobility), the king, the Yeoang singer, and Gineyeo. They were then placed in chronological order. Mumyeongssi is a collection of lyrics that is widely circulated in the contemporary space but whose artist’s name has been lost. Gim Cheontaek selected and contained 104 of these and divided them into 54 topics. Until the completion of the Cheongguyeongeon in the lunar calendar on May 16, 1728, it has been confirmed that Gim Cheontaek was constantly travelling to collect the Gagok lyrics. The main object of the yumyeongssi collection was anthology or poetry circulated in small scale. Works spoken by one or two performers on stage were also collected. To unify these various works, Cheontaek devised a new form of anthology. This form overlapped the artist and subject category through the objective index song. This was possible because Gim Cheontaek was literate and also well versed in music. Isakdaeyeop mumyeongssi is an example of this aspect of Gim Cheontaek’s work. Based on his experience as a Yeoang singer, he selected and classified the 104 works by topic, which were popular in the performing arts. Fifty-four topics were not fully integrated in the classification. It is interesting to clearly show, however, the level of interest of the contemporaries' Gagok lyrics. Gim Cheontaek accepted traditional topics such as “gangho(affection for the beauties of nature)” and “yeongunaffection for their king)”, while also selecting works based on realistic interests of contemporary people such as “cheose(worldly wisdom)” and “gwangye (relationship)”. On the other hand, for Manhoengcheongnyu, the style performed in the market place at the time, Gim Cheontaek controversially recorded 116 numbers in Cheongguyeongeon. As a result, this publication is considered as establishing the beginning of the Gagok. The controversy surrounding Manhoengcheongnyu remained an issue into the mid-18th century. In the latter part of the 18th century, however, many versions appeared and were firmly established as an axis of the Gagok performance. This would have been impossible without Gim Cheontaek’s efforts in compiling Cheongguyeongeon in spite of the controversy surrounding him. In the meantime, in the absence of the original edition, academic research has been completely dependent on the printed book published by the 1948 Joseon Jinseo Ganhaenghoe(Joseon Treasured Volume Publishing House). Furthermore, the “Jinbon” Cheongguyeongeon, abbreviated to “cheongjin” was previously used in official academic circles. The original has now been released; as a result, I hope that “Cheongguyeongeon, compiled by Gim Cheontaek" will be widely used as an official academic reference, rather than the “Jinbon” Cheongguyeongeon.