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Translating Beowulf: Translators Crouched and Dangers Rampant

Jana K. Schulman
한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 (Korea Association of Classical, Medieval, and Renaissance English Literature)|2004.06|중세르네상스영문학 (Medieval and Early Modern English Studies)|제12권 제1호|pp. 5-41

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Abstract

Beowulf is an ambiguous text. One area of ambiguity not obvious to the reader of the poem in Modern English is the occurrence of ambiguous pronoun referents in the Old English. In this essay, I look at six examples of ambiguity: intentional ambiguity (an analysis of the word ellengœst); blurred boundaries and monsters (the use of aglœca in l. 1269a); grammatical ambiguities and dragons (the pronoun "he" and its referent in l. 2568b); ambiguous connections and betrayal (the pronoun "he" in l. 1167); pronominal ambiguities (ll. 2490b and 2692b); and, finally, the substantivized adjective rica in l. 310b. When editors and translators make decisions about referents for pronouns and substantivized adjectives, they deny the poem's ambiguities and violate the symbolic logic of the text. The ambiguity in Beowulf creates a richer and more nuanced poem; translators need to devise a means of acknowledging these ambiguities. In this essay, I conclude that translators should consider alternating words as in the case of guest and demon, by noting the use of aglœca for both Grendel and Beowulf, by footnoting the pronouns to explain their significance, and finally by choosing neutral terms when possible (such as "the mighty one" for se rica).

참고문헌 (14)

  1. "An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary based on the Manuscript Collections of the Late Joseph Boswoth" (1964)
  2. "A Concordance to the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records" (1978), Cornell University Press
  3. "Action in Beowulf and Our Perception of It Essays in Style U of California P", pp.147~68 (1979)
  4. "Journal of Folklore Research 22 Dictionary of Old English Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies 1986 to date", pp.2 85~3 112 (1985)
  5. "A Formulaic Translation with a Critical Introduction U of Connecticut" (1993)
  6. "U of Toronto P" (1984)
  7. "The Intermediacy of Beowulf" (2002), UP of America
  8. "Essays in Honor of Herbert Penzl", pp.213~230 (1979)
  9. "The Medieval Dragon:The Nature of the Beast in Germanic Literature" (1998), Middlesex: Hisarlik
  10. "Guide to Old English. 6th ed" (2001), Oxford: Blackwell
  11. "Transformations and the Limits of the Human Texas Studies in Literature and Language 23", pp.484~94 (1981)
  12. "Beowulf and the Dragon" (2000), Cambridge: D. S. Brewer
  13. "The Student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon" (1997), Oxford: Clarendon
  14. "Intentional Ambiguities in Beowulf Tennessee Studies in Literature 11", pp.145~49 (1966)

관련 논문AI추천

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