21세기 한국 여행기에 드러나는 오리엔탈리즘- 인도 여행기와 뉴욕 여행기를 중심으로
Orientalism in 21th Century Korean Travelogues: Focusing on the travelogues of India and New York
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India has been often depicted as the land of the past in travel literature. The Korean travelers of the 21th century are adding to such discourse, regarding India as a mysterious place. However, the reality of India is quite different from what the traveler had hoped to see. Disappointed in not being able to find the absolute peace they had imagined, the travelers come to judge them as barbarious, as their inferior. In some travel narratives, the exact 'barbarians' are transformed into 'noble' savages. They are depicted as people who are happy despite their barren life conditions. 'Noble' or not, however, they are still 'savages' and the Other. In contrast, travelers view New York as an artistic place, where a person can nurture oneself with culture. What the travelers desire to obtain from a trip to New York is the feeling of becoming a New Yorker instead of a visitor from afar. However, because of the very desire to be a typical 'New Yorker' out of a television drama, hinder them from seeing the reality of the city such as problems of race and class. The travelers do not view themselves as a potential ‘other’ in the city. Instead of understanding the hardships of life for the ethnic others, they mock at the Chinese immigrants just as a white supremacist would do. The illustration of India and New York may seem like the opposite. However, such contradictory sketches derive from the same viewpoint; that of the West. From the 19th century, Korean intellectuals held the belief that in order to 'progress' the Koreans should adapt to the new virtues of the West. Such attitude still remains in the 21th century. The travelogues reveal the writer's opinions towards his/her own country. What the travelers choose to see in India, in fact stands for the past, the slightly uncomfortable but nostalgic past of Korea before its sudden industrialization. In contrast, New York is what the traveler wishes to see in his/her own city; cultural abundance. By reading and analyzing contemporary Korean travelogues, the Korean readers will be able to find out not objective facts about a foreign country, but how we see others, and how such depiction of the other cultures reflect our own viewpoints and values.
Abstract
India has been often depicted as the land of the past in travel literature. The Korean travelers of the 21th century are adding to such discourse, regarding India as a mysterious place. However, the reality of India is quite different from what the traveler had hoped to see. Disappointed in not being able to find the absolute peace they had imagined, the travelers come to judge them as barbarious, as their inferior. In some travel narratives, the exact 'barbarians' are transformed into 'noble' savages. They are depicted as people who are happy despite their barren life conditions. 'Noble' or not, however, they are still 'savages' and the Other. In contrast, travelers view New York as an artistic place, where a person can nurture oneself with culture. What the travelers desire to obtain from a trip to New York is the feeling of becoming a New Yorker instead of a visitor from afar. However, because of the very desire to be a typical 'New Yorker' out of a television drama, hinder them from seeing the reality of the city such as problems of race and class. The travelers do not view themselves as a potential ‘other’ in the city. Instead of understanding the hardships of life for the ethnic others, they mock at the Chinese immigrants just as a white supremacist would do. The illustration of India and New York may seem like the opposite. However, such contradictory sketches derive from the same viewpoint; that of the West. From the 19th century, Korean intellectuals held the belief that in order to 'progress' the Koreans should adapt to the new virtues of the West. Such attitude still remains in the 21th century. The travelogues reveal the writer's opinions towards his/her own country. What the travelers choose to see in India, in fact stands for the past, the slightly uncomfortable but nostalgic past of Korea before its sudden industrialization. In contrast, New York is what the traveler wishes to see in his/her own city; cultural abundance. By reading and analyzing contemporary Korean travelogues, the Korean readers will be able to find out not objective facts about a foreign country, but how we see others, and how such depiction of the other cultures reflect our own viewpoints and values.
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