근대중국 지식인의 번역관 - 魯迅, 嚴復, 梁啓超를 중심으로

Abstract

There was a translation boom in modern China's history, which began at the last stage of the Qing Dynasty, and continued to the May Fourth new culture movement. During this period, so many Chinese intellectuals devoted themselves to the translation work that the old China in danger could see hope again, and find a new way which would not only promote language, literature and culture, but also reform the political and economic systems. In this essay I focused on Lu Xun, Yan Fu and Liang Qichao, who presented the most important translation methodologies in this period, took their ideologies as a whole organization, using the method of comparison. By considering the process that the translation ideologies were built up and changed in this way, we can find the relationships and differences among their methodologies, also the new valuation to the translation ideologies and methodologies will be possible. The research of translation should be taken from a historical premise because translation is decisively related to the times and society. That means we couldn't simplify the appraising problem of these translation methodologies. From the ideology called "political novels translation" by Liang Qichao, to the methodology about "Faithfulness(信), Smoothness(达), Elegance(雅)" by Yan Fu, and also to the persistence of Lu Xun in his "hard translation(Yingyi 硬译)" method, all of these methodologies were the results selected in order to respond to the historical request. At the same time we can also find evidences which indicate the translators' great pains over their work, and their serious speculations about a lot of important questions like national culture and cultural other, utilitarian translation and ethical translation, reader and original work, and so on. For these reasons, the methodologies presented by Lu Xun, Yan Fu and Liang Qichao are all worthwhile. They have built up an organization in a way of influencing each others and being dependent on each others, supplementing with each others and fusing together.