번역문학이 러시아 아동문학에 끼친 영향— 알렉세이 톨스토이의 『황금 열쇠, 또는 부라티노의 모험』을 중심으로

Abstract

The translated literature has affected the Russian literature in various ways and has become a driving force for its development. Especially, in the Soviet period, its foreign literary adaptation and modification occurred frequently. At first, the direction of children's literature was not settled. To solve this problem, public discussions took place that almost resembled a war zone. In this process, two marked movements arose. One is the movement that defends the Soviet ideology and excludes the remnants of the past, and the other the movement to provide the children with freer imagination and enjoyment. The latter was in fact made possible by the enforcement of NEF which attempted the economic recovery after the Soviet revolution. Alexei Tolstoy's "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Burattino" is one of his works that were in the transitional process where the Soviet arranged the guidelines for the children’s literature. Tolstoy announced this piece in 1936 that was written with the original, “The Adventures of Pinocchio” by Carlo Collodi. The conception of this work was done in Berlin when Tolstoy was translating Collodi’s "The Adventures of Pinocchio." In 1922-23, he translated Collodi’s works with the famous female writer of symbolism, Nina Petrovskaya . The translated version was released in Berlin in 1924 and was quite a bit shortened and russianized compared to its original. It reflected Tolstoy’s intention and became the foundation of his work, "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Burattino." Although he based his works on Collodi’s, he created his creative version of writings that is clearly distinguished from Collodi’s. This book has the inter-textual relations with various Russian literatrure such as works by A. Blok and the Russian ckazka. These are all woven into Tolstoy’s book "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino" and have corresponded to the needs of the Russian readers and dominated their childhood. As for the characters and content till the turtle, Tortila, gave a golden key to Buratino, it follows Collodi’s Pinocchio story very closely. However, while Collodi presented Pinocchio’s identity search and the social initiation for a child to become a member of a society in his work, Tolstoy’s story shows children’s ways to collaborate with others to find their ideal world and make that dream come true. Thus, the main theme of this book is not the growth of one character, Buratino, but this cooperation of friends to overcome difficulties and make the ideal works possible. The Soviet had constantly make an effort to implant the idea of collective proletarian utopia into children’s literature, and this book by Tolstoy accomplished that.