아시아 출신 이주작가의 작품 속에 나타난 “언어적 과잉의식”과 문화의 중첩 양상 – 1990년대 이후 프랑스와 영국에서 출간된 소설을 중심으로
“Linguistic Overconsciousness” and the Interplay of Cultures in Contemporary Migration Literature of Asian Origin in France and Britain
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본 논문은 프랑스와 영국으로 이주하여 활동하는 아시아 출신 작가들이 갖고 있는 언어인식의 특성들을 살피고, 작품 속에서 출신사회와 정착사회의 언어와 문화가 교차하고 중첩하는 양상을 다루고 있다. 이러한 아시아계 이주작가들 가운데 의식적으로, 모국어가 아닌, 프랑스어나 영어를 창작언어로 선택한 경우가 상당히 있다. 모국어와 다른 언어로 창작활동을 하는 이주작가의 예민한 언어의식에 대해 리즈 고뱅(Lise Gauvin)은 “언어적 과잉의식(surconscience linguistique)”이라는 개념을 제시하고 있다. 이주작가는 이질적이고 상이한 문화적 맥락에서 언어와 문학이 어떠한 방식으로 관계맺고 표출되는가를 더욱 고민하게 된다는 것이다. 이주작가들의 작품을 구체적으로 살펴보면, 이들은 출신 사회와 문화에 대하여 설명적인 글을 쓰거나, 독자들을 다른 문화권으로 안내한다는 점에서 여행문학적 특성을 보여주기도 한다. 또한 출신문화와 정착사회의 문화를 비교관찰하는 대목도 많이 발견되는데, 이원적 비교와 대조를 넘어 다문화적이고 초국가적인 글쓰기를 보여주는 작품들도 등장하고 있다. 아시아계 이주작가들의 작품활동은 다른 문화에 대한 이해의 깊이를 더하여 사회통합에 기여할 수 있으며, 서로 다른 문화의 접촉과 갈등, 그리고 교류와 융합이라는 현상들을 상세하게 살필 수 있는 기회를 주고 있다. 유럽과 아시아를 넘나들며 가교의 역할을 하는 이들의 작품들은 오늘날 창작되고 있는 ‘진행형’ 문학의 한 징후를 엿볼 수 있는 장이다.
Abstract
This study considers the perception of language by writers of Asian origin in France and Britain and instances of crossing and overlapping between the languages and cultures of their native versus host societies in their work. Among migrant writers of Asian origin, quite a few have consciously chosen to write in French or in English instead of their mother tongue. Regarding the keen awareness of language of the migrant writer active in a language other than their own, Lise Gauvin has proposed the notion of “linguistic overconsciousness (surconscience linguistique)”. That is, the migrant writer carries an acute consideration of the various ways language and literature interrelate and are articulated in different and differing cultural contexts. Looking at migrant writers’ work, we note such characteristics as explanatory writing about their society and culture of origin, or features of travel writing by guiding the reader into another cultural sphere. A considerable number of passages also manifest observational comparison of the writers’ culture of origin and that of the host society. Going beyond dualistic comparison and contrast, works are appearing that show tendencies toward multicultural and transnational writing. The work of migrant writers of Asian origin can make a contribution to social integration by deepening our understanding of other cultures, and also offer opportunities of close observation of such phenomena as contact and conflict, as well as exchange and fusion, between different cultures. Their work, crossing and connecting Europe and Asia, is a site where we can glimpse indications of literature “in creation” today.
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