국외 입양인들의 작품에 나타난 인종주의 문제
The Problem of Racism in the Works of Korean-Born Adoptees
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초록
본 연구에서는 입양인들의 작품에 나타난 인종주의 양상 및 그것에 대응하는 방식을 탐색한다. 입양인들은 북유럽에서 시민권과 민족정체성을 부정 받으며 유럽적 정체성을 체현한다. 인종이 위계화된 사회에서 자신을 이민자들과 구별 지으려는 입양인들의 ‘유럽인 되기’ 프로젝트는 ‘비유럽적 신체’로 인해 좌절된다. 자신들의 아시아적 정체성을 부인하며 ‘길러진 백인’임을 강조하는 입양인들의 행위는 입양국의 인종주의와 연관돼 있다. 인종 문제가 없다고 낙관하는 북유럽의 예외주의적 경향은 입양인 문학의 수용 방식에도 영향을 미친다. 입양인 작가들은 인종 문제를 언급해도 대중에게 공감을 받지 못하는 상황에 직면한다. 이러한 환경에서 입양인들의 작품에 담긴 인종주의 문제는 예외적 사건으로 이해되어서 오독될 가능성이 있다.
Abstract
This paper describes central themes of racism in Scandinavia and responses to said racism in autobiographical works written by Korean-born adoptee writers, including Brynjulf Jung Tjønn and Astrid Trotzig. These Nordic novelists are regarded by Caucasians as Asians due to their “non-European” appearance. It follows that to avoid the recognition error of being mistaken for native Asians, the novelists attempted to envelop themselves in a spirit of “Europeanness”. This wish to assimilate into a Nordic society where great emphasis is placed on an invisible racial hierarchy, nonetheless, is frustrated by their inescapable Asianness. The writers' very intention to portray themselves as “raised European” is evidence of everyday racism in Scandinavia. In addition, discourses on racial issues did not resonate in the authors' adoptive Northern European countries where the existence of racism is commonly denied. In Scandinavia, white readers retorted that the racial discrimination described in adoptees’ works was the exception rather than the rule.
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