불교의 수용과정에 나타난 고대주술의 밀교화 고찰

Abstract

Incantational factors in the mind stream of ancient Koreans were known by Mantras, rites, artificial constructions and symbols to accomplish the wishes of sentient beings by secret power which comes from factors of shamans from all over the world. The purpose of those incantational factors are presented by various forms which the foundation of the power comes from totemic animals, ancestors, spirit for ghost, natural materials. By the landing of Buddhism those traditional incantations were replaced by heaven of universe or the intrinsic nature of life that enables the higher foundation of ancient form of religion of people. Those incantations provided the ideology of a tribe nations which were developed to an ancient kingdom, hereby means Kojosun(古朝鮮) around Korean peninsula which ideologies were represented by morality of social and national religious rites. By the import of Buddhism those autogenous incantational factors were changed by refined rites of Mantras, Dharanis, Maṇḍalas, rites and religious tools to show higher level of religious factors which wee developed to social precepts and norm consciousness of a society or a nation. While most of those religious aspect come from sect of Esoteric Buddhism. As Buddhism has have passed so many centuries on the grounds of Indian's shamans Buddhism it eventually had a flexibility of adapting shaman's religious factors of other areas. In Samgukyusa it is found those historical repetitions occurred in India that Esoteric Buddhism influenced and transferred ancient factors of shaman's to the religious rites of Esoteric Buddhism which phenomenon is presented by belief of Stupa, Maṇḍala, religious rites along with the practice of Mantras and Dharanis and visualization of Tantras. Acarya Bulgasawi(不可思義) studied abroad to Tang of China and learned highest subjects of Esoteric Buddhism studying Vairocana Sūtra from Acarya Sunmuwei(善無畏) and wrote a commentary of Vairocana Sūtra. The Sūtra consists of lots of religious elements that actually lead the practitioner to a realization of enlightenment which religious tools like Mantras, Dharanis and Maṇḍalas comes from ancient religious factors of Indian's religion.