朝鲜朝科举考试与儒学的携手发展策略
The Joint Development Strategy of Imperial Examination and Confucianism in Joseon Dynasty
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초록
儒学始终作为韩半岛实施科举考试最主要内涵的同时, 科举制也在朝鲜王朝五百年独尊儒学正统观念过程中扮演了举足轻重的角色。朝鲜朝作为在中国外实施科举制时间最长, 科举提携最为完备的国家, 受儒学思想文化的熏陶程度, 以及国家层面的全方位执行手段, 百姓的致知力行等方面都具有独一无二的地位。将儒学思想, 即程朱理学作为科举考试教育的理论依据, 亦是考生准确把握国家理念, 进而展现其政治才华的核心与关键要素。因此, 本文试图通过具体分析朝鲜朝时期的经义教育观, 科举书籍的推广, “科举法”的政策性变动及其影响等内容, 揭示科举与儒学以互补的关系在韩半岛扎根并开枝散叶的过程, 以及在科举考试中体现的韩半岛独有的儒学教育本土化现象。
Abstract
Confucianism has always been the main focus of the imperial examination in the Korean Peninsula. The examination played a decisive role in the five hundred years of the Joseon Dynasty in promoting the Confucianism orthodoxy. As a country other than China, which has implemented the imperial examination system for the longest time and has had the most complete talent cultivation through it, Joseon holds a unique position in terms of Confucian ideological and cultural influence, national-level comprehensive implementation means, and people’s awareness and practice. Taking Cheng Zhu Neoꠓconfucianism, a form of Confucianism, as the theoretical basis of imperial examination related education is also the core and key factor for examinees to accurately grasp the national concept and thus demonstrate their political talent. Therefore, this article attempts to analyze the educational view of Confucian classics in the Joseon Dynasty, the promotion of imperial books in the dynasty, and the policy changes regarding “method of imperial examination.” It aims to reveal the complementary relationship between imperial examinations and Confucianism in the Korean peninsula, and how Confucianism took roots and branched out in the process. This also embodies the unique phenomenon of imperial examination related Confucianism education localization in the Korean peninsula.
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