“동성애자 사이에서 길 잃은”: 헤밍웨이 초기문학에서의 남성 동성애 재현
“Lost among Homosexuals”: Representation of Male Homosexuality in Hemingway's Early Literature
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The 1920s in the United States known as the “Roaring Twenties” were not only a time of social, economic, and political transformation, but an era of sexual upheaval. The birth of homosexuality as an identity and the emergence of homosexual subculture were the result of sexual dislocations in the decade. Homosexuality was classified as disease and crime by the medical and legal discourse. Male homosexuals were treated as either a joke or a horror: they were mocked and scorned for their effeminacy; but they were also feared as dangerous monsters who could convert a normal man into a homosexual. Hemingway has been considered to reveal homophobia or at least dislike of male homosexuals through his representation of homosexuality. This paper argues that, although Hemingway’s representation of male homosexuality in many of his early literary texts conveys the tone of fear and disapproval, he is, in representing male homosexuality, more delicate and complex than has generally been supposed. He depicts a young man’s fear to be initiated into homosexuality or contempt for the gay men. But he also portrays a young man’s inner self torn by his desire to become aware of his sexual orientation and his urgent need for masculine visibility. Through his representation of male homosexuality, Hemingway shows the young generation of men lost among the newly recognized and highly visible sexual identity in the 1920s.
Abstract
The 1920s in the United States known as the “Roaring Twenties” were not only a time of social, economic, and political transformation, but an era of sexual upheaval. The birth of homosexuality as an identity and the emergence of homosexual subculture were the result of sexual dislocations in the decade. Homosexuality was classified as disease and crime by the medical and legal discourse. Male homosexuals were treated as either a joke or a horror: they were mocked and scorned for their effeminacy; but they were also feared as dangerous monsters who could convert a normal man into a homosexual. Hemingway has been considered to reveal homophobia or at least dislike of male homosexuals through his representation of homosexuality. This paper argues that, although Hemingway’s representation of male homosexuality in many of his early literary texts conveys the tone of fear and disapproval, he is, in representing male homosexuality, more delicate and complex than has generally been supposed. He depicts a young man’s fear to be initiated into homosexuality or contempt for the gay men. But he also portrays a young man’s inner self torn by his desire to become aware of his sexual orientation and his urgent need for masculine visibility. Through his representation of male homosexuality, Hemingway shows the young generation of men lost among the newly recognized and highly visible sexual identity in the 1920s.
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