The Culture of Consumption and Performative Masculinity in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Although a number of studies have investigated the representation of Jake Barnes’s masculinity in Ernest Hemingway’s novel, The Sun Also Rises, there is little consensus among scholars in their interpretations of it. While considering the social background of economic boom and following the development of a consumer culture in 1920s America, this study begins with the assumption that the protagonist’s consumption is a performative act offered as compensation for his incomplete masculinity. Jake Barnes, a man whose war wound has made him impotent, not only reflects personal trauma after the Great War, but also the emptiness and fear later experienced by American society. He tries to overcome his gender identity crisis by repetitively spending on middle-class goods and services and by paying for relationships that can characterize him as possessing normative masculinity. After first examining how Jake’s desire for consumer goods and images interact with his thoroughly gendered and classed consumption, this paper will explore the process through which his consumption pattern incessantly positions and repositions him with respect to the middle-class masculinity ideal within the heterosexual/ homosocial matrix.
Abstract
Although a number of studies have investigated the representation of Jake Barnes’s masculinity in Ernest Hemingway’s novel, The Sun Also Rises, there is little consensus among scholars in their interpretations of it. While considering the social background of economic boom and following the development of a consumer culture in 1920s America, this study begins with the assumption that the protagonist’s consumption is a performative act offered as compensation for his incomplete masculinity. Jake Barnes, a man whose war wound has made him impotent, not only reflects personal trauma after the Great War, but also the emptiness and fear later experienced by American society. He tries to overcome his gender identity crisis by repetitively spending on middle-class goods and services and by paying for relationships that can characterize him as possessing normative masculinity. After first examining how Jake’s desire for consumer goods and images interact with his thoroughly gendered and classed consumption, this paper will explore the process through which his consumption pattern incessantly positions and repositions him with respect to the middle-class masculinity ideal within the heterosexual/ homosocial matrix.
참고문헌 (25)
- Atkins, John, "The Art of Ernest Hemingway: His Work and Personality" (1952), Spring Books
- Benson, Jackson, "Hemingway: The Writer's Art of Self-Defense" (1969), U of Minnesota P
- Valuable Questions: Teaching The Sun Also Rises, In Teaching Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises, "Questionable Values", pp.2003, Brogan, Jacqueline V
- Butler, Judith, "Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity" (1999), Routledge
- Butler, Judith, "Bodies that Matter" (1993), Routledge
- Donalson, Scott, "Hemingway’s Morality of Compensation", American Literature, 43, pp.399~420 (1971)
- Fiedler, Leslie, "Love and Death in the American Novel" (1959), Criterion Books
- Forter, Greg, "Melancholy Modernism: Gender and the Politics of Mourning in The Sun Also Rises", The Hemingway Review, 21(1), pp.22~37 (2001)
- Fulton, Lorie W, "Reading Around Jake's Narration: Brett Ashley and The Sun Also Rises", The Hemingway Review, 24(1), pp.61~80 (2004)
- Hemingway, Ernest, "The Sun Also Rises" (2006), Scribner
- Kimmel, Michael S, "Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity, In Theorizing Masculinities", pp.119~141 (1994), Sage
- Kwon, Seokwoo, "Brett Ashley in the Land of the Lost Generation: A Portrait of a ‘New Woman’ in The Sun Also Rises", Lingua Humanities, 9, pp.149~167 (2007)
- Leland, Jacob Michael, "Yes, That Is a Roll of Bills in My Pocket: The Economy of Masculinity in The Sun Also Rises", The Hemingway Review, 23(2), pp.37~46 (2004)
- Lynn, Kenneth, "Hemingway" (1987), Simon and Schuster
- Martin, Robert A, "The Expatriate Predicament in The Sun Also Rises, In French Connections: Hemingway and Fitzgerald Abroad", pp.61~74 (1999), St. Martin’s
- 문상영, "통제되지 않는 여자들과 불안해하는 남자들:『해는 또다시 떠오른다』에 재현된 성 역할", 미국학 논집, 37(2), pp.52~78 (2005), 한국아메리카학회
- Onderdonk, Todd, "Bitched’: Feminization, Identity, and the Hemingwayesque in The Sun Also Rises", Twentieth Century Literature, 52(1), pp.61~91 (2006)
- Osgerby, Bill, "Playboys in Paradise: Masculinity, Youth and Leisure-Style in Modern America" (2001), Berg
- Rogers, Katherine M, "The Troublesome Helpmate: A History of Misogyny in Literature" (1966), U of Washington P
- Rotskoff, Lori, "Love on the Rocks: Men, Women, and Alcohol in Post-World War II America" (2002), U of North Carolina P
- Sedgwick, E. K, "Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire" (1985), Columbia UP
- Spilka, Mark, "Hemingway's Quarrel with Androgyny" (1990), U of Nebraska P
- Sprague, Claire, "The Sun Also Rises: Its Clear Financial Basis", American Quarterly, 21, pp.259~266 (1969)
- Strychacz, Thomas, "Hemingway's Theaters of Masculinity" (2003), Louisiana State UP