샬롯 퍼킨스 길먼의 『허랜드』에 드러난 인종주의와 우생학적 이데올로기
Racialism and Eugenics in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Herland
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With the feminism movement in the 1960s and 1970s, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Herland was considerably discussed as a feminist utopian novel. Since the 2010s, however, Herland has been reconsidered with different approaches, including the most controversial aspects of the Herlanders’ racialism based on their homogeneous community with parthenogenesis, and the use of negative eugenics which allows sterilizing Herlanders alleged to have undesirable genes through their artificial selection and exclusion. To discuss the racialism and negative eugenics, this paper focuses on a male narrator who comes to perceive the idea of animality as encompassing a range of organic forms including asexual plants and animals. At first, he respects Herlanders by recognizing their high-level culture, education and economy. Later, he begins to feel uncomfortable about the ‘all-too-perfect’ community. Despite their civilization, Herlanders want to unite even with males for their evolution after learning other cultures. Therefore, this paper argues that Gilman uses the male narrator to reveal the problems of the Herlanders’ system and at the same time, more importantly, suggests another imagined utopia which can evolve with the harmony and unity of both sexes, not only women.
Abstract
With the feminism movement in the 1960s and 1970s, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Herland was considerably discussed as a feminist utopian novel. Since the 2010s, however, Herland has been reconsidered with different approaches, including the most controversial aspects of the Herlanders’ racialism based on their homogeneous community with parthenogenesis, and the use of negative eugenics which allows sterilizing Herlanders alleged to have undesirable genes through their artificial selection and exclusion. To discuss the racialism and negative eugenics, this paper focuses on a male narrator who comes to perceive the idea of animality as encompassing a range of organic forms including asexual plants and animals. At first, he respects Herlanders by recognizing their high-level culture, education and economy. Later, he begins to feel uncomfortable about the ‘all-too-perfect’ community. Despite their civilization, Herlanders want to unite even with males for their evolution after learning other cultures. Therefore, this paper argues that Gilman uses the male narrator to reveal the problems of the Herlanders’ system and at the same time, more importantly, suggests another imagined utopia which can evolve with the harmony and unity of both sexes, not only women.
참고문헌 (28)
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