『허랜드』와 『클레프트족 이야기』: 남성 서술자가 바라본 여성만의 나라
Gilman’s Herland and Lessing’s The Cleft: Male Narrators Look Into the Women Community
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper aims to examine Gilman and Lessing’s intention of creating a world of only women with parthenogenesis. This feminist utopian world is observed and represented by male narrators who are unreliable for they just rely on their memories and archives about the stories. In Herland, women have managed their land with parthenogenesis for 2,ooo years; with the visit of three American men, this land faces with turmoil, which makes the women plan to restore the society of both sexes they used to have. In The Cleft, the women as an original organism consist of their generations with parthenogenesis while killing every boy-baby at birth; the women-only land, however, is dismantled by a group of male survivors, which causes the women’s loss of their ability of parthenogenesis. In Herland and The Cleft, the male narrators reveal the suppression and violence of the patriarchical system toward the women. On the other hand, they criticize the women’s atrocity and violence towards the boy-babies and the lowest girls. This paper argues that regardless of the time difference of about 90 years, Gilman and Lessing’s narrators propose the harmonious coexistence of the both sexes by capturing the limitations and possibilities of the women-only land.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine Gilman and Lessing’s intention of creating a world of only women with parthenogenesis. This feminist utopian world is observed and represented by male narrators who are unreliable for they just rely on their memories and archives about the stories. In Herland, women have managed their land with parthenogenesis for 2,ooo years; with the visit of three American men, this land faces with turmoil, which makes the women plan to restore the society of both sexes they used to have. In The Cleft, the women as an original organism consist of their generations with parthenogenesis while killing every boy-baby at birth; the women-only land, however, is dismantled by a group of male survivors, which causes the women’s loss of their ability of parthenogenesis. In Herland and The Cleft, the male narrators reveal the suppression and violence of the patriarchical system toward the women. On the other hand, they criticize the women’s atrocity and violence towards the boy-babies and the lowest girls. This paper argues that regardless of the time difference of about 90 years, Gilman and Lessing’s narrators propose the harmonious coexistence of the both sexes by capturing the limitations and possibilities of the women-only land.
참고문헌 (22)
- 김진옥, "길먼의 『허랜드』: 유토피아와 모성", 현대영어영문학, 53(3), pp.47~63 (2009), 한국현대영어영문학회
- 민경숙, "도리스 레싱의 『클레프트』-신화와 역사 사이의 흐린 경계지대", 인문과학연구논총, 38(2), pp.55~84 (2017), 인문과학연구소[DOI]
- 박선화, "클레프트족 이야기에 재현된 선사시대와 로마시대의 여성관: 남성 역사가의 여성공동체 역사 다시쓰기", 동서비교문학저널, (38), pp.55~78 (2016), 한국동서비교문학학회
- 손정희, "길먼과 글쓰기: 새로운 가정성 제안을 통한 여성주체의 치유 모색", 영미문학연구, (29), pp.85~110 (2015), 영미문학연구회
- Aouadi, Bootheina Majoul, "Women’s Utopian and Dystopian Fiction", pp.30~47 (2013), Cambridge Scholars
- Awkward-Rich, Cameron, "The Fiction of Ethnography in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Herland", Science Fiction Studies, 43, pp.331~350 (2016)
- Booker, Keith M, "Woman on the Edge of a Genre : The Feminist Dystopias of Marge Piercy", Science Fiction Studies, 21(3), pp.337~350 (1994)
- Brust, Imke, "The Crisis of an Old Order: Gender, Sexual Relations and Reproduction in Lessing’s The Cleft", Doris Lessing Studies, 30(1), pp.23~27 (2011)
- Cuddy, Lois, "Evolution and Eugenics in American literature and Culture, 1880-1940: Essays on Ideological Conflict and Complicity" (2003), Bucknell UP
- Doskow, Minna, "Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Utopian Novels: Moving the Mountain, Herland and With Her in Ourland" (1999), Dickinson UP
- Filipczak, Dorota, "Abjection and Sexually Specific Violence in Doris Lessing’s The Cleft", Text Matters, 4(4), pp.161~172 (2014)
- Freedman, Carl, "Critical Theory and Science Fiction" (2000), Wesleyan UP
- Fusco, Katherine, "Systems, Not Men: Producing People in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Herland", Studies in the Novel, 41(4), pp.418~434 (2009)
- Gilbert, Sandra M., "The Norton Anthology of Women: The Tradition in English" (1985), Norton
- Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, "Herland" (1979), Pantheon
- Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, "The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman" (1990), U of Wisconsin P
- Jansen, Sharon L., "Reading Women’s Worlds from Christine de Pizan to Doris Lessing", pp.101~128 (2011), Palgrave Macmillan
- Ketterer, David, "New Worlds for Old: The Apocalyptic Imagination, Science Fiction and American Literature" (1974), Indiana UP
- Lessing, Doris, "The Cleft" (2007), Harper Perennial
- Perrakis, Phyllis Sternberg, "Doris Lessing" (2010), Ohio State UP
- Peyser, Thomas Galt, "Reproducing Utopia : Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Herland", Studies in American Fiction, 20(1), pp.1~16 (1992)
- Seitler, Dana, "Unnatural Selection : Mothers, Eugenic Feminism and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Regeneration Narratives", American Quarterly, 55, pp.61~88 (2003)