복합어의 구조와 생산성에 대한 일한비교연구 -N-VN型 복합명사를 중심으로-

Abstract

Human language is in process of constant change. Some of them go extinct or form new words temporarily and go extinct either, or they may come into general use. This research aims to describe to the internal structure and productivity of the complex words focusing on word formation. complex words classified into different part of speech such as complex nouns, complex adjectives, complex adverbs according to the head. Among them we analyze the noun complex especially of 「N-VN(verbal Noun)」type. And we clarified their internal structures and the productivity of each structures and by extension, tried to suggest that the internal structure of them correlated with productivity of words. First of all, on the basis of the verbal N2, we analyzed the grammatical relation between N1 and N2, and classified them into several types. According to each type of complex noun’s structure, we analyzed their productivity. The result is that the most productive combination in Japanese and Korean is <theme>N1 structure. And most of all, Type 1-2’s <theme> N1 is the most productive one, which their head is a transitive VN and need two arguments. Unlike Korean, Japanese have few <agent> N1 complex noun. It is the most different part between two languages. Also in diachronic perspective, we considered the internal structure and productivity from two periods which are 1970’s and 2010’s. Within the limit of the research data, we cannot discovered any meaningful changes in structures and the ranking of the productivity. But in case of Japanese, <agent> N1 which was hardly found in 1970’s data become to appear. and also <locative> N1’s percentage increased compared to 1970’s. Meanwhile in Korean, compared to 1970’s, <agent> N1 and <locative>N1’s percentage increased like Japanese. This shows that there is a regular form or way in language change. From these research data we can know that in forming new words, syntactic restrictions are getting loose with time.