태평양전쟁말기 한·일 「地理」교과서 비교 고찰 - 朝鮮總督府 『初等地理』와 文部省 『初等科地理』를 중심으로-

Abstract

The Japanese Empire caused the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, and the Pacific War in 1941. In order to construct the infrastructure necessary to carry out the war, the discourses such as 'Greater East Asia Cooperation' and 'East Asia Cooperation' formed and used as a logic to rationalize war. During this period, Japan mobilized all military and economic forces to control the ideology and to go in to war. In addition, the 'KokuminnGakkou' System was established to promote integrated education in Japan and the colonies. Particularly, "morals", "japanese", "national history" and "geography" were integrated into one and educated. In this paper, analyzed the textbooks of four volumes, such as 『Syoutoutiri』 published of the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1944 and 『Syoutoukatiri』 published of the Ministry of Education in 1943. As a result of comparing the textbooks of both countries, it was found out that a large number of unit members have a common unit, with 『Syoutoutiri』 has 20 units (80%) and 『Syoutoukatiri』 has 21 units (87%). However, it was found that within the common section, the same contents and different contents were described. 『Syoutoutiri』 included the word 'Chosun' in the text and It was fostering thinking like the people of the Japanese Empire. In addition, East Asian people are creating stereotypes and misunderstandings that the country is a barbaric, yet undeveloped nation. In 『Syoutoukatiri』, the description of each area in particular, including historical facts, links the past to the present. It also describes the geographical location and characteristics of each city, centering on the railroad symbolizing modern civilization. In the case of foreign countries, the United States and the United Kingdom are the hostile countries, and Germany and Italy are the goodwill countries, reflecting the international trend of the time. Although the textbooks of both countries contain a common content for forming the basis of the total war effort. The 『Syoutoutiri』 has been unable to secure the balance of narrative content because it presents only the position and role of Japan in a concrete and multi-faceted manner. 『Syoutoukatiri』 was a "geography" textbook with insufficient description in Europe and America.