中世後期の抄物資料に見られる叙法副詞の特徴について ─ 「いかにも」 「かえって」 「とても」 「ともこうも」 「なかなか」を例にして ─

Abstract

This paper focuses on exploring grammatical features of Japanese modal adverbs(e.g.‘IKANIMO’, ‘KAETTE’, ‘TOTEMO’, ‘TOMOKOMO’, ‘NAKANAKA’) using Shomono documents of the Late Middle Ages, by comparing with other materials of the same period, for example, the Christian documents ‘Amakusaban Heike Monogatari’ and the Kyogen scripts ‘Toraakirabon’. As a result, from how ‘IKANIMO’, ‘NAKANAKA’ is used in the Kyogen scripts, there are no examples of the interjectional usage or modifying noun predicates in Shomono documents, so it is assumed that the usage range of ‘IKANIMO’, ‘NAKANAKA’ in Shomono documents is relatively narrow. Moreover, ‘KAETTE’, ‘TOTEMO’ are somewhat reluctant to express negative meanings (in terms of desirability) compared to other materials of the same period. In addition, unlike other adverbs, there was no significant difference in the use of ‘TOMOKOMO’ in any of the survey data including Shomono documents. It is assumed that the usage of the five Japanese modal adverbs in the above󰠏mentioned may be limited by the material characteristics of Shomono documents: it is basically intended to be used for the interpretation of the Chinese Classics and Buddhist scriptures. Besides, Shomono documents is basically not a conversational format but a one󰠏way lecture format, so it is surmised that there is a restriction that examples of interjectional usage is difficult to use. Furthermore, since the abstracts are lectures with easy󰠏to󰠏understand annotations on Chinese Classics and Buddhist scriptures, it seems that the main focus was not on expressing the value judgment and feelings of speaker or writer. This is thought to be related to the fact that Shomono documents is somewhat more negative in indicating negative meanings than other materials. Based on present results, in the future, it is necessary to increase the types of Shomono documents and Japanese modal adverbs. At the same time, it is also necessary to comprehensively analyze a comparative study with a wide range of Christian documents and Kyogen scripts to examine the various aspects of Japanese modal adverbs found in Shomono documents.