Geography, Cultural Identity and Flexibility in Estonia

Abstract

Estonia was continually ruled by surrounding countries for about 800 years. Although less than 30 years have passed since Estonia became independent from the Soviet Union, the country is now regarded as one of the most successful Eastern European countries with a vibrant cultural heritage, flexibility in accommodating different cultures, sociopolitical stability and a strong economy. This study aims to report the contributions Estonia’s geography has made to the formation of both Estonian cultural identity and the multicultural flexibility in the country today. For the purpose, it firstly discusses the history and spirit in the maintenance of Estonian national identity through the long period of hardships in the region. Then the study examines the Estonian government’s institutional plans for reaffirming national identity after independence. Finally, it investigates the strategies and policies behind Estonia’s economic growth. The research shows that the Estonians have upheld their national spirit and identity with the cohesive power of their national traditions such as singing and cultural art and by making Estonian the official language in all public life. It also shows that post-independence laws and policies pertaining to education, public information and nationality simultaneously affirmed Estonian national identity while facilitating the peaceful coexistence of Estonians with Russians and other ethnic groups living in the country. Furthermore, the Estonian government established digital economic strategies, e-residency, start-up platforms and cooperative relations with international organizations to accommodate both economical wealth and political stability. Estonia’s open flexible economic policies and international relations on the ground of Estonians’ firm national cultural identity seem to demonstrate its sufficient potentials to be a desirable model for other nations.