번스타인의 「새들 1권」에 나타난 움직임과 음악의 상관관계분석 및 교수방안

Abstract

Known as a pianist as well as a piano pedagogue and a composer, Bernstein, S. (1927~) composed various works for piano learners. Emphasizing especially the importance of understanding movements when it comes to musical expressions, he has created musical pieces based on live animals or insects. Most notable of all is Birds 1, which is his first suite for piano education that consists between 8 pieces of 1-2 pages. This particular piece was all composed based on impressions of birds’ movements and sounds using the modern composition techniques. The purpose of this research is to analyze the correlation between movements and music, and explore teaching methods which would be helpful for the effective learning of Birds. The results are as follows: In Birds 1, Bernstein, S. suggested 2-3 motives to express the characteristic movements and sounds of each bird, and employed techniques to develop and transform these motives. With the repeated or changed patterns of rhythm according to the unit and conversion of beats, the changes in the movements are naturally described. The phrase and form are separated depending on the developing patterns of the motives, resulting in changes in the atmosphere. With the registers, intervals, and harmony reflecting birds’ sounds or movements, the audience can imagine the kinds and sounds of different birds effectively. Furthermore, the continuous dissonance created from distinct use of atonality and bitonality. Birds 1 also implies the musical atmosphere effectively by employing descriptive directives that properly present the features of birds. Additionally, the piece delivers changes in musical nuance by the delicate use of dynamics and articulation. For the effective learning of this piece which describes the characteristics of birds by combining various musical elements, the researcher suggests three teaching methods: 1) learning by using images; 2) learning by using plastic animée; and 3) learning by creative activities in which movements and performance are combined. Through this study, it is expected that the piano teaching method through the understanding and application of movement becomes more active, and the piano work composed for education will be more actively used in the dance education field.