Роль органов корейского самоуправления Южно-Уссурийского округа в школьном строительстве в конце XIX века

Abstract

The subject of this article is to examine the activities of self-government (parishconverge, boards, officers) in the development of education among Korean immigrants. The concept of "school building" implies a set of actions for the opening, construction and material content of schools, ensure their teaching staff. Among the South Korean population Ussuriysk province existed two types of schools - formal, open with the permission of the authorities and receiving from them all sorts of support and illegal (they do not studied Russian language and the Law of God), established by the population. The article will be considered first category Schools Of the archival materials of these cases shows that Korean residents of villages on public money built school buildings, kept the priest, teaches children in missionary schools. In 1880 Putsilovk was built in public buildings, represents a Fangzi, which housed the school. In Korsakovk room for classes until in 1887 also served Fangzi, and then was to build wooden building for the school. A Petty Officer Korsakovsk village in 1887 he was Tegeni George Huang. In addition to the priest constant monitoring of Korean schools before the start of 90 - ies by the head of the South Ussuriysk district. Despite these shortcomings of the public boards, Korean immigrants, even without official status of Russian nationals, including the work on the organization of schools. Yanchihensk parish Petty Officer Peter S. Choi contributed to the opening in 1890 schools in the villages Zareche, Tizinhe Adimi and even before he took office. PS Choi was convinced that the Orthodox churches and schools are needed in every Korean village. He became actively collecting funds to build churches and schools. The Korean population has actively supported this idea. "Korea Korsakovsk school, thanks to the full material promoting Korean society, energy and love for the church-school work decent priest Paul Michurina and local missionary A. Mikhailovsky, practically experienced in schooling, not left much to be desired both by logistical and economic well and educational ", - noted in diocesan record for the 1894-1895 school year. In 1894 the College of Putsilovk and Krounovk moved from Fangzi in a specially constructed with funds rural society school buildings. School in Putsilovk houses in "a beautiful large wooden building on a stone foundation under one roof with a flat local missionary". The construction of school buildings was a remarkable event in the life of the province. The correspondent of the newspaper "Vladivostok", wrote that, "when our Russian village in the districtof dozens of years can not wait for schools, local Korean villages are happier: now in Putsilovk Krounovk and built new schools". The problem of shortage of qualified teachers is very acute manpower faced by the Far East school in the late nineteenth century. Due to lack of school teachers were not working in major Russian villages of South Ussuriysk province, such as stone-Rybolov, Shkotov, Vladimir-Aleksandrovsk. In the village of Nicholas, the district centre, there was one teacher who had to deal with a hundred students. Korean society became the first in the Far East invite to the post of teachers trained teachers from the European part of Russia, paying their travel and offering decent pay for work. Despite the high salaries for rural teachers in 600 rubles., Teachers worked in the school one or two years, only Nizkovskih delayed for several years, until 1900, is known that in 1898 worked in the Nicholas School teacher Mikulovsky, in July 1899 g . He had asked the heads "remove him". In graduate school was sent Irkutskoy teaching seminary Sim. Probably it was the first Korean-teacher with special training, who came to work in Yanchihensk Nikolaevsk College. In 1900, in the Nicholas School works Leo P. Choi. Teacher salaries by this time had risen to 960 rubles. That was comparable to the salaries of male teachers’ gymnasiums. In August 1895, Koreans living in four villages Korsakovsk township, were adopted in the Russian citizenship and sworn. In autumn 1896, have become Russian citizens of Korean residents of 17 villages Posetsk plot. Since gaining its own government in the person of parish government, led by the parish officers, the nearest school leadership passes to that body. Although still and Chief Ussuriysk Southern District, and monitored the activities of the precinct adhering school. By becoming full-fledged citizens of the Russian empire, Korean farmers were finally right to change their social status: go into burgers, merchants, come into public service. Under the new circumstances, the role of schools, giving the Russian language and knowledge of certain benefits after the (reduction of conscription for young men from six years to four), grew markedly. In 1899, with the onset of warm time, launched the erection of school buildings fanzov type "with galvanized roofs and wooden floors" in the villages Fatashi, New Village, Upper Yanchih and Ryazanov. Township converge for the construction of each of them was allocated to 100 rubles. Peter S. Choi special attention drawn to the development of education in the parish center - the village of Bas-Yanchihe. Upon his initiative, the new building was constructed elementary school with a workshop for handicrafts office. April 21, 1900 and elected chief of peasant societies (1 householder of every 10 yards) from 9 villages Yanchihensk township discussed the proposal Petty Officer P.S. Tsoy on the opening women's school in the village of Bas-Yanchih. "Being the case very useful and good", similar rural decided to open on September 1, 1900 May 26, 1900 military governor of Seaside area "for the jealous desire for the cause of public education extended to the Township Chief Yanchihensk township Semenovich Peter Choi", declared him thanks As well as the entire population of the township for the support of school affairs. Thus, the Korean governments by the end of the XIX century, well-established mechanisms for the development of school affairs. That focus became the basis of sustained development of school education in South Korean villages Ussuriysk province in the early twentieth century.