조선후기 內宴 儀禮의 변천

Abstract

Court banquets are classified into external court feasts(外宴) and internal court feasts(內宴) according to participants. This paper examines changes in internal court feasts in the latter part of Joseon period. Participants in internal court feasts were limited to royal family and ordained women during the period from King Injo (1623∼1649) to King Yeongjo (1724∼1776). In 1795 (19th year of King Jeongjo's reign) when the Bongsudang feast(奉壽堂進饌) was held, the participants were expanded to royal family's male relatives such as royal kinships, people married with royal family, and the king's relatives and concurrently subjects. In this society where males and females were strictly separated, the banquet quarters were separated by putting up blinds woven with beads and strings into the inner area where the ordained women sat, and into the external area where royal family's male relatives sat. In the internal court banquets where only royal family and the ordained women participated during the period of King Injo to King Yeongjo, participants did not shout Long Live the King(Queen, Queen Mother), Long Live the King(Queen, Queen Mother) and Long Live the King(Queen, Queen Mother). After 1795, however, as male relatives of royal family participated, they shouted these well-wishes in internal court feasts as well. The way of offering wine and gratitude changed beginning in 1809 (the 9th year of King Sunjo's reign). In the internal court banquets from King Injo to King Jeongjo (1776∼1800), offering wine to the principal guest was conducted twice, in part 1 of offering congratulations to the principal guest, and in part 2 of the principal guest and attendants enjoying the party together. The wine offerer in part 1 again offered wine to the principal guest in part 2 as well. Except for the Jinpungjeong(進豊呈) banquet held in 1630 (8th year of King Injo's reign), those offering gratitude were limited to royal family. Starting in 1809, offering wine to the principal guest was all conducted in part 1, leaving no same person to offer wine again and leading more people to have the honor of offering wine to the principal guest and extending congratulatory greetings(致詞) to him. The scope of offering gratitude was expanded from royal family to ordained women, royal kinships, people married with royal family, and the king's relatives and concurrently subjects, and to all participants. Thus, the internal court feast ritual in the latter part of Joseon period developed from the royal family-centered one to an all-participants' one. Meanwhile, from the founding days of Joseon to King Yeongjo, the court female entertainers(女伶) and the court blind musicians(管絃盲人) performed music for internal court feasts. However, in 1795, as the male relatives married with royal family and the king's relatives and concurrently subjects began to participate in the feast, male musicians(樂工) began to perform music in the feasts. Afterwards, male musicians performed music for the feasts. Of course, musicians were allowed to perform outside the curtain or outside the door, thereby blinding the vision with female participants. The terrace ensemble(登歌) and the court ensemble(軒架) generally performed alternately. In internal feasts in 1809, in order to highlight the dignity and nobility of the contrasting rituals, both bands performed simultaneously. Otherwise, either band performed. This special performance method was practiced only until the internal court feasts in 1827 (27th year of King Sujo's reign).