苏轼的 政治觀 变化原因 考察

Abstract

Soh Sik was a scholar who left his footmark in the history of Chinese literature, studying through Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism and representing them in his writings; he also was a politician who opposed the reformists with Wang Ahn-suk in the center. And as a politician, he even got demoted and went through difficult times because he stood in a critical position toward <The New Law> of Wang Ahn-suk. This study particularly examined the transition in Soh Sik's political view since he expressed his political arguments which were diametrically opposed during the years of King Gau (1056∼1063) and of King Hui Nyung (1068∼1077). While Gau was on the throne, Soh Sik exhorted King In Jong in his utterly frank and keen literary style to get awakened from the fantasy of reign of peace, preserve his strong, bright dignity and carry out great works. Besides, he stated that if a king was to set up a work and make it successful, he should begin with bravery, stand his ground wholeheartedly, accomplish it with tenacity and should not be afraid of greatly reforming and going against the secularity. This all originated from the aggressive political idea of Confucianism. Approaching the years of King Hui Nyung, Soh Sik insisted on conducting the benevolent rule of Confucianism intermittently, sticking to 'Muwiyichi (無爲而治: Govern naturally without artificial schemes).' He emphasized going with the people's voice, and he, at the same time, opposed the radical reformation of Wang Ahn-suk that only pursued success, profit, and effect and explained the reason that a king should have inaction and no desire. This came from the political idea of Taoism. In that way, this thesis studied the cause of such change that resulted from the influence of the elder literary people as well as his childhood background and his father; it examined particularly 'Yiminwibon (以民爲本: Regarding the people as the fundamental)' as the main cause. This implies that part of his awareness included arguments of 'Chunggunbokuk (忠君保國: Loyalty and patriotism)' and of 'Kyungsejemin (經世濟民: Administrating the state to relieve the people's sufferings).' Such his political view shows his great interest in the country and people's welfare and the aspiration of 'Kyungsejemin' built on the real life.