노인의 자기주도학습 가능성과 노인복지에의 시사점
Self-directed Learning for the Elderly and Implications for Elderly Welfare
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본 연구에서는 고령화 현상의 심화와 함께 더욱 길어진 노년기를 의존적 시기가 아닌 독립적인 자기 충만의 시기로 전환하기 위한 전략의 하나로 노인의 자기주도학습 가능성을 탐색하였다. 주로 국외의 선행연구 고찰을 중심으로 노년기의 생활만족도, 적응, 여가 및 건강관리와 관련하여 자기주도학습이 노인들에게 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 문헌 고찰 결과 자기주도학습은 노인들의 생활만족도를 향상시키고, 생산적 여가활동으로 가족관계 변화 및 다양한 상실에 대처하는 효과적인 전략이 될 수 있음을 파악하였다. 더 나아가 자기주도적 학습은 노인의 능동적 건강관리에 적극적 참여를 촉진함으로써 노인복지 향상에 잠재력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 자기 주도학습의 모형 중 특히 학습자의 책임을 강조하는 Brockett 과 Heimstra의 PRO 모형을 노인의 자기주도학습에 적용하는 것에 대한 논의와 함께 노인의 건강관리를 위한 자기주도적 학습주기가 소개되었으며 노인의 자기주도학습을 촉진하기 위한 제언과 가이드라인이 제시되었다.
Abstract
Though self-directed learning has become a popular research subject in adult education over the past few decades, studies on that of the elderly population has been scarce particularly in Korea. A number of empirical studies of self-directed learning had only been conducted on children, teenagers and adults but not on the elderly. This study was undertaken to identify the possibilities of older adults' initiating self-directed learning and its implications for the elderly welfare. A review of literature revealed that self-directed learning of the elderly has a positive influence on higher life satisfaction, better use of leisure, and better adjustments to later years. Furthermore, self-directed health care of the elderly is said to lead to more independent and controlled management of health issues, as well as reduction of social and medical care expenses . Life satisfaction of the Korean elderly has been reported generally low during the past few years, as shown by their high suicide rate. Developing innovative approaches to elderly education is thus imperative in order to help older adults live better lives in the fast-aging society. Instead of being considered passive learners, older adults should be perceived and trained as active, confident, and responsible learners. Self-directed learning for the elderly should be executed with thoughtfully-developed, elderly-friendly contents and methods. Then it could become an effective measure to tackle the elderly's dependency on others and powerlessness which has been commonly featured during their later years.
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