적극적 채권운용전략을 위한 수익률곡선 분석
An Analysis on the yield Curves for Active Bond Management
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초록
1990년대 전반 회사채 중심 채권시장의 주요 참여자들은 매입 보유전략과 같은 소극적 운용방식(passive management)을 채권운용전략의 기본구조로 가지고 있었다. 그러나 IMF 금융위기를 겪으면서 과거에 비해 낮아진 수익률수준과 금융기관들의 경쟁심화로 시장의 주 참여자들은 보다 적극적인 운용전략(active management)을 채택해야 하는 상황에 놓이게 되었다. 이 연구는 채권의 투자환경에 대한 총체적 정보의 반영이라고 할 수 있는 수익률곡선의 형성과 이에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수들과의 구조적 관계를 실증적으로 분석하여 적극적 채권운용전략을 수행하기 위해 고려해야 할 요인들과 운용방향에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 이를 위하여 1999년부터 2006년까지의 데이터를 기초로 Nelson-Siegel 모형에 의한 수익률곡선의 요인(수준, 기울기, 곡률)을 추정하였다. 추정된 결과를 수익률곡선 예측에 이용하여 그 모형의 유용성을 살펴보기 위해 표본외 예측을 실시하였다. 또한 수준과 기울기 변화의 추정값을 종속변수로 하고 주요 증권시장 변수들 및 시장외적 변수들을 독립변수로 하여 VAR 모형과 SUR 모형을 추정하였다. 추정 결과 수익률곡선의 수준과 기울기가 목표 콜금리변동, 원/달러 변동률 그리고 물가변동률의 금기나 과거의 영향을 받는다는 가설이 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 이들 결과는 국민주택채권은 물론 국고채권을 포함한 우리나라 국채시장 전반에 대한 적극적 운용전략을 세우는데 의미 있는 시사점을 제공하고 있다
Abstract
Before the financial crisis in 1997, Korean bond markets had been those of corporate bonds with relatively high market yield. During the period, most of major institutional investors tend to utilize passive strategies such as buying and holding. After the crisis, however, they could not help choosing active bond management strategies because of lowed yield level and intensified competition among the financial institutions.This study is forced on the yield curve, which is the reflection of all information on the bond investment environments. The study also make analysis on the major economic and securities market factors and its structural relationship with the shape of the curve such as level, curvature and slope. For these purposes, an empirical model based on the Nelson-Siegel Model is estimated with the data during 1999-2006. Out-of-sample forecasting is also made to test the usefulness of the estimated model. In addition, the dependent variables which are the estimates of level and slope are estimated on the macro variables and securities market variables. VAR and SUR models are used for the estimation.Estimation results show that level and slope of the yield curve are influenced by the target call rate change, exchange rate change rate, inflation rate. These results provide practical implications for the active managements in the overall treasury bond markets.
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