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블록체인과 기업지배구조

Blockchain and Corporate Governance

최문섭|강소현
한국재무관리학회 (Korea Financial Management Association)|2018.12|재무관리연구 (THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT)|제35권 제4호|pp. 213-237|DOI 10.22510/kjofm.2018.35.4.009

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블록체인핀테크기업지배구조Corporate GovernanceBlockchain정보비대칭Information AsymmetryFinancial TechnologyAccounting Transparency회계 투명성
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 블록체인 기술과 기업지배구조의 현 상황 및 상호관계에 주안점을 두어, 블록체인이 회계 투명성에 기여하는 바를 다룬다. Nakamoto(2008)가 처음 고안하고 발표한 뒤 비트코인 열풍을 거쳐 그 기술적 근저가 되는 P2P 거래 기반 블록체인이 사회 각종 분야에 활용돼 급속도로 개발되고 있는 현시점에, 본 연구는 블록체인과 재무 회계 측면의 기업지배구조 간의 상호관계에 대해 국내외 선행연구를 조사하였다. 한국 경제는 전 세계 여타 국가들과는 달리 1960년대부터 약 반세기 남짓의 단기간에 급속도로 성장하는 산업화를 이루었는데, 주로 이 경제 성장을 이끈 것은 정부 주도적인 측면이 많았으며 이로 인해 단기간에 기업집단 중심의 산업 체계가 구축되었다. 이러한 배경 아래 파생되는 문제점 중 상당 부분이 투명성이 갖춰지면 외부적으로 견제할 수 있으며, 최근 사회적 이슈로 부각되고 있는 각종 비리 또한 마찬가지이다. 또한, 현 상황에서 회계 업권이 회계 감사를 함에 있어 정보비대칭으로 인해 불가피하게 파급되는 불합리한 업계 관행 또한 블록체인을 통한 투명성 확보로 개선될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 투명성 제고 측면에 주력하여 최근 사회적으로 가장 많은 주목을 받는 기술 혁신 중 하나인 블록체인과 기업지배구조 간의 상관관계를 주로 논하고 있으나, 기술 혁신과 기업지배구조 간에 학계에서 통용되는 상관관계에 대해서도 밝힌다. 이에 본 연구가 급변하는 4차 산업의 조류 속 기업지배구조 연구 동향의 한 단면을 드러내고자 한다.

Abstract

We discuss the current status and mutual interactions of the blockchain and corporate governance. Besides, we discuss the corporate finance and accounting implications of our literature survey and findings therein. Nowadays, after an overheated fever of speculation on Bitcoin (Nakamoto, 2008), the blockchain technology has quickly landed various applications in numerous societal needs of peer-to-peer transactions. The corporate governance of Korea is peculiarly built around the hegemony of business conglomerates (chaebols) due to government-led, expedited industrialization over the last half-century since 1960’s unlike other countries. A significant portion of the problematic features of the corporate governance of Korean business organizations can be externally checked and balanced once transparency is secured. Recent corruption scandals in kindergartens and senior healthcare centers are a similar symptom due to lack of transparency. The blockchain can resolve unreasonable consequences of auditing due to information asymmetry between the accountancy and the client firm. This survey highlights the betterment of transparency banking on the correlation of the blockchain, the darling of most recent technological innovation, and corporate transparency.

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