기업의 ESG와 재무성과
Corporate ESG and Long-Run Financial Performance
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초록
기업의 ESG와 재무성과에 대한 해외연구는 ESG 요소가 우수한 기업에 투자하는 사회책임투자(SRI) 펀드의 투자성과를 조사한 것이 대부분이다. 그러나 펀드의 성과는 펀드매니저의 운용능력에 크게 의존하는 바, 우월한 SRI 펀드의 투자성과가 우수한 ESG 때문인지 아니면 우수한 펀드매니저 운용능력 때문인지 모호할 수 있다. 또한 기업의 재무성과를 주식수익률로 많이 보지만, 최근으로 올수록 영업성과나 토빈큐로 측정한 논문이 많아지고 있다. 본 논문은 SRI 펀드의 투자성과 대신에 ESG 정보를 직접 이용하였고, 재무성과의 대용치로 주식수익률 뿐만 아니라 영업성과 및 토빈큐의 세 가지를 사용하였다. 또한 벤치마크로 KOSPI나 KOSPI200 등의 지수 대신, Barber and Lyon(1996, 1997)의 개선된 조사방법론을 이용하였다. 본 연구는 2008~2011년의 4년 동안에 걸쳐 서스틴베스트(2011)의 ESG 평가정보를 이용하여, 벤치마크인 매칭기업 대비한 초과 재무성과(abnormal financial performance)를 분석하였다. 실증결과 ESG 등급이 높은 AA 기업군은 등급이 낮은 E 기업군에 비하여 주식수익률이 대체로 우수하였고, 영업성과와 토빈큐는 매우 우수한 것을 발견하였다. 이는 ESG 등급이 좋은 기업이 재무성과가 우수하다는 것으로, 기업은 ESG 요소를 전략적으로 관리해야 한다는 증거를 보여준다고 하겠다. 또한 초과수익률을 종속변수로 하는 회귀분석 결과 기업규모, 시장가치/장부가치, 등급더미 변수가 통계적으로 유의한 것을 발견하였다.
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factor and its long-run financial performance in Korea. It is more than possible that prior studies examining the socially responsible investment (SRI) funds confused corporate ESG performance with fund manager performance. Our research use data not at the fund level but at the highly desirable company level. Moreover, current paper employs three measures of stock returns, operating performance, and Tobin’s Q as long-run financial performance. In addition, we follow the recommendation of Barber and Lyon (1996, 1997) to calculate abnormal stock returns, operating performance, and Tobin’s Q. We find that firms with superior ESG performance have higher stock returns, operating performance, and Tobin’s Q from 2008 to 2011. There has been a long-running controversy about the socially responsible issue on financial performance. The empirical findings imply that socially responsible companies do not suffer a performance loss by reaching their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals.
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