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외국인투자자는 가족기업을 선호하는가?

Do Foreigners Invest Less in Family Firms?: Evidence from Korean Firms

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 외국인투자자가 가족기업에 대한 투자를 선호하는가를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 표본자료는 2004년부터 2018년까지 한국거래소 유가증권시장에 상장된 총 8,503개 기업이다. 분석을 위해 횡단면 자료를 시간적으로 연결한 불균형 패널자료를 형성하고 패널자료회귀분석법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외국인은 투자대상으로 가족기업을 선호하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 가족기업에 대한 투자 기피는 가족기업이라는 특성이 부(wealth) 탈취나 사익편취 등으로 인해 기업가치에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 가능성이 큰 때문으로 이해되었다. 둘째, 외국인투자자는 가족기업 중에서는 지배구조가 양호한 기업에 대해서 투자를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 양호한 지배구조를 가진 기업은 정보불균형이 작고 대리인문제발생 가능성이 낮아 투자를 선호하는 것으로 이해할 수 있었다. 셋째, 외국인투자자는 지배주주의 지분율이 높은 가족기업에 대해 투자를 기피하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지배주주지분율이 높을수록 외부주주의 부 탈취나 사익편취의 유인이 커질 수 있기 때문에 외국인투자자들이 선호하지 않는 것으로 이해할 수 있었다. 이러한 의미에서 외국인투자자는 사익편취규제대상 기업으로 지정된 가족기업에 대해서도 투자를 선호하지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 정부에서 사익편취규제대상기업으로 지정한다는 것은 이들 기업의 경우 사익편취 유인이 강하게 나타날 수 있다는 신호를 준 의미도 있기 때문에 이러한 가족기업에 대해 외국인투자자들은 투자를 기피하는 것으로 이해할 수 있었다.

Abstract

This study empirically analyzed whether foreign investors prefer to invest in family firms. The sample is a total of 8,503 companies listed on KRX from 2004 to 2018. Panel data was formed and analyzed using panel data regression analysis. The results of empirical analysis are as follows. First, it was found that foreigners do not prefer family firms as investment targets. Second, it was found that foreigners generally prefer investment in family firms with good governance. Third, the higher the stake in the controlling shareholder of a family firms, the more foreign investors avoided investment. Fourth, family firms with a controlling stake of 30% or more showed that foreigners avoided investment. Summarizing the results, family firms have lowered corporate value due to tunneling, propping, etc., and foreigners avoid investment. Nonetheless, we found that family firms with good governance is preferred investment by foreigners.

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