중국 격구의 전개양상과 무예사적 의미

Abstract

This study examined the historical development aspect of Chinese Gyukgu through literary review, and then revealed the meanings of Chinese Gyukgu in the aspect of martial arts history. Chinese Gyukgu was prevalent in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, the martial atmosphere established the basis for the development of polo. In the Song Dynasty, the polo was mostly used as a play in the army according to military strategies. In the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the Gyukgu was used as a part for training martial arts, which continued the development of polo prevalent in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Even before Yuan was established, the Gyukgu was settled down as important martial arts for the Mongols. The Gyukgu was important as much as banquet or hunting to the Mongols, so it was continuously prevalent even after Yuan was established. In the Ming Dynasty, the Gyukgu was performed as a small scale. From the middle to the later stage of the Ming Dynasty, there were not many records of Gyukgu, which shows that it was facing the decline. In the Qing Dynasty, the Gyukgu disappeared in the culture of the upper class and military people, so it was rarely shown in the literature. Chinese Gyukgu was succeeded by changing its roles according to military strategies. In the period when the cavalry was fostered, it was used as military training. In the period when the excellent cavalry was held, it was used as a means for training martial arts. Chinese Gyukgu was developed by implying various characteristics of martial arts history, and such characteristics showed the meanings of Gyukgu in the aspect of martial arts history.