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ESG 평가가 기업가치에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구: 기업의 지배구조 특성을 중심으로

The Effects of ESG Assessment of Firm Value based on Corporate Governance Structure

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 2011년 1월 1일부터 2020년 12월 31일까지 국내 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업의 5,151개의풀링 표본을 이용하여 한국기업지배구조원(KCGS)에서 평가한 ESG 평가 등급을 사용, 가족기업과대규모기업집단(재벌)으로 구분되는 기업의 소유구조 특성이 ESG 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, ESG 평가수준과 기업의 소유구조 및 지배구조 특성이 기업가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석한다. 본 논문의 주요 실증 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족기업 변수의 경우 ESG 평가와유의적인 음(-)의 관계가 나타난 반면, 대규모기업집단 변수의 경우 가족기업과는 반대로 ESG 평가와유의적인 양(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, ESG 평가수준은 기업가치와 양(+)의 관계를가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 가족기업 변수와 ESG 평가 변수의 교호항은 기업가치와 음(-)의 관계를가지는 것으로 확인되어 가족기업은 대리인 문제의 관점을 지지하는 결과가 나타났다. 반대로 재벌기업의 경우 ESG 평가 변수와의 교호항이 기업가치와 양(+)의 관계를 가지는 것으로 확인되어대규모기업집단은 가치상승 이론의 관점을 지지하는 결과가 나타났다. 셋째, 가족기업은 사외이사비중이 높고 잉여현금흐름이 적은 그룹에서 ESG 평가수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 재벌 기업의경우 지배주주의 지분율, 사외이사 비중, 외국인 지분율 및 잉여현금흐름이 높은 그룹에서 ESG 평가수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 강건성 검증으로 모형 내에 존재하는 내생성 문제 및 표본선택편의를 통제하기 위한 2SLS, 성향점수매칭(PSM) 및 헤크만 선택 모형 등의 방법론을 사용하여 강건성검증을 진행한 결과 기존의 연구 결과와 일관성 있는 분석결과를 제시하고 있다.

Abstract

This study analyzes how corporate governance characteristics affect ESG evaluation and corporate valuation based on agency theory and value enhancement theory view using ESG ratings published by the Korea Corporate Governance Service for 5,151 observations of firms listed on the Korean Securities Exchange from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020. The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, in case of family firms, a negative relationship appears with the ESG integrated rating. In case of a large corporate group (chaebol), it is found that there is a positive (+) relationship with the ESG integrated rating, as opposed to the family business. Second, it is found that ESG ratings have a positive (+) relationship with corporate values, and the cross product terms of family business variables with ESG ratings is confirmed to have a negative (-) relationship with the corporate value, showing that the family business supports the viewpoint of the agency problem theory. Conversely, in case of chaebol firms, the cross product terms of chaebol variable with the ESG rating is found to have a positive (+) relationship with the corporate value, showing that the Korean large corporate group (chaebol) supports the viewpoint of the value enhancement theory.

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