상품권의 제시방법이 소비자의 심적 회계에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Gift card Presentation Format on Consumer’s Mental Accounting
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초록
심적 회계 이론을 근거한 기존의 상품권 연구는 대부분 지불수단에 따른 소비자 선호 차이를 밝혔으며 상품권의 제시방법이 소비자의 심적 회계에 미치는 영향을 논의한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 상품권의 금전적인 보상이 동일할 때 혜택을 결합하여 하나의 상품권으로 제시할 경우와 혜택을 분할하여 여러 개의 상품권으로 제시할 경우에 나타나는 (1) 심적 계좌의 수와 (2) 선호하는 제품유형의 차이를 제시하는 것이다. 먼저, 여러 개의 상품권이 제시될 경우에 소비자는 각각의 상품권을 분리된 자산으로 지각하고 하나의 상품권이 제시될 경우보다 자신의 예산을 더 많은 수의 심적 계좌에 할당할 것이라는 가설을 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 금전적인 보상이 동일하더라도 혜택을 분할해서 여러 개의 상품권으로 제시할 경우에 결합해서 하나의 상품권으로 제시할 경우보다 다수의 심적 계좌에 예산을 할당하는 것으로 나타났다(연구 1-3). 또한, 심적 계좌 사이의 전이가 어려운 심적 회계의 특성으로 인해서 상품권의 금액을 분할(vs. 결합)해서 제시할 경우 쾌락적 대안에 대한 선호가 낮아졌다(연구 2-3). 금전적인 보상의 제시방법에 따른 심적 회계의 차이는 상품권에서만 나타났으며 현금에서는 나타나지 않았다(연구 3). 본 연구는 동일한 금전적 혜택을 제공하더라도 상품권의 제시방법(분할 vs. 결합)에 따라서 소비자의 심적 회계가 달라질 수 있음을 제시했다는 점에서 이론적 기여점이 있다. 또한, 상품권을 지불 수단으로 사용할 경우 선호되는 제품유형에 대한 이해를 넓혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
Most prior gift card research based on the mental accounting theory investigated the difference in consumer preference towards product types when different payment methods were used. However, little attention has focused on the influence of the gift card presentation format on consumers’ mental accounting. The purpose of this research is to test the difference in (1) the number of mental accounts that people allocate their budgets and (2) the preference towards product types when the gift card is presented in aggregate form or in segregated form. First, this research hypothesized that the number of mental accounts that people allocate their budgets will be higher in the segregated condition than in the aggregate condition because they perceive physically partitioned gift cards as segregated assets. The findings of this research consistently demonstrated that the budget was allocated into higher number of mental accounts when the gift card was presented in segregated form than in aggregate form (Studies 1-3). Furthermore, this research showed the preference towards hedonic products was lower in segregated (vs. aggregate) gift card condition because the budgets are not easily transferable across different mental accounts (Studies 2-3). The influence of the presentation format on mental accounting was only observed in gift card conditions, but not in cash conditions (Study 3). This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that people use different mental accounting rules for an aggregate gift card versus segregated gift cards even when the total amount of financial reward is constant. Moreover, this research expands the understanding on preferred product types when gift cards are used as a payment method.
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