북한 ‘인프라스트럭쳐’ 연구의 확장 가능성과 예시 - 포스트 사회주의 인프라 연구 동향과 북한 연구에의 시사점 -
The expandability and examples of 'Infrastructure' Research in North Korea: Trends in Post-Socialist Infrastructure Research and Implications for North Korean Studies
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초록
인프라는 사회·기술의 복합적 연결망이자 자원배분체계로서 기능하며, 그 규모와 기술-물질성 탓에 지속적 유지보수와 관리를 요구한다. 이러한 인프라의 속성은 급격한 변화를 겪고 있는 포스트 사회주의 국가를 입체적으로 분석하는데 도구로서 유효성을 발휘한다. 포스트 사회주의 도시 인프라에 관한 연구들은 교통과 모빌리티, 주거 및 상수도, 도시재생, 녹지 등의 인프라 재구조화 과정을 분석하여 신자유주의적 변화에 대한 요구와 사회주의 시절의 통치적, 상징적, 사회·기술적 잔존 영향이 뒤섞여 젠트리피케이션, 빈부격차 심화, 서비스 접근성 하락, 낮은 지속가능성의 문제들과 관성-역동, 공식-비공식의 혼종이 나타남을 보여준다. 일련의 함의에 기반하여 향후 북한 인프라 연구는 자원/물질 배분과 통치의 역할, 유지보수와 기술사회적 문제들, 물질-사회적 관계들을 중심으로 다양한 주제가 논의될 수 있을 것이다. 구체적 연구방법은 인프라를 주요 소재로 일상생활사를 서술하는 작업이 가장 시의적절하며 다만 북한의 정치체제, 도시 로컬리티와 물질-기술적 특성, 주로 EU국가에 속하는 포스트 사회주의 도시들과는 다른 국제적 지원 환경 등 북한 특유의 요소가 고려되어야 할 것이다.
Abstract
It was attempted in this research to recognize infrastructure as a socio-technical network in order to determine the advantages of infrastructure research in North Korean studies. The nature of infrastructure research and post-socialist infrastructure research were investigated, as well as trends and implications for North Korean research. As a result, three major research themes emerged: resource/material distribution and governance, maintenance and socio-technical issues, and material-social interactions. In terms of the specific research method, it is most appropriate to describe daily life history using infrastructure as the primary material; however, North Korea's unique factors, such as its political system, urban locality, and material-technical characteristics, as well as its international support environment, which differs from post-socialist cities in EU countries, should be taken into account.
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