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자기해석 유형이 미술관 입장료 PWYW와 기부 지불의사금액에 미치는 영향

The Impact of Self-Construal Types on Willingness to Pay for Museum Admission under PWYW and PWYW+charity Strategies

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주제분류심리과학

초록

2008년부터 국내 국공립 박물관 및 미술관에서 상설전시 무료관람이 시행되면서 관람객이 증가했지만, 관람 태도 악화와 재정 제한으로 콘텐츠와 교육프로그램의 부족 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 관람객이 일정 비용을 지불하되 스스로 판단해서 가격을 설정하는 PWYW(Pay-What-You-Want) 가격전략이 제안되었다. PWYW는 구매자의 가격 통제권이 높아 이들의 적극적인 참여와 고정가격 이상의 가치를 인정하는 소비자에게서 더 높은 지불을 유도할 가능성을 가지고 있다. 그러나 구매자가 가격을 결정하고, 판매자는 그 가격을 수락해야 하므로, 낮은 비용 지불이나 무임승차의 위험이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 PWYW를 미술관에 적용하는 경우 발생할 수 있는 낮은 입장료 지불에 대응하여 소비자의 자기해석 점화를 통해 위험을 낮출 수 있는 방안을 살펴보는 데에 목적이 있다. 특히 독립적 자기해석과 상호의존적 자기해석이 각각 PWYW 및 PWYW+charity 전략 하에서 지불의사금액에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 응답자들을 네 그룹으로 나누어 독립 및 상호의존적 자기해석을 점화하고, PWYW와 PWYW+charity 가격전략을 조합한 2×2 실험을 진행하였다. 최근 1년간 전시장을 1회 이상 방문한 20대와 30대 187명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과를 보면, PWYW에 기부를 결합한 전략이 단순 PWYW보다 지불의사금액을 높였으며, 상호의존적 자기해석 점화는 기부 결합 상황에서 더 높은 지불의사금액을 유도하였다. 이 연구는 미술 전시서비스에서 PWYW 가격전략을 사용할 때 자기해석 점화를 활용해 지불의사금액을 높이는 방안을 제시하여, 너무 낮은 지불금액 제시 가능성을 줄이고 미술관의 재정적 위험을 줄일 수 있는 방안 수립에 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

Since 2008, the implementation of free admission to exhibitions in national and public museums and art galleries in South Korea has led to an increase in visitors. However, this has also resulted in deteriorating visitor behavior and financial constraints, leading to a lack of cultural content and educational programs. To address these issues, the Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) pricing strategy has been proposed as a solution that minimizes the financial burden on visitors while requiring a nominal payment. PWYW allows buyers to have control over the price and encourages higher payments from those who recognize the value beyond a fixed price. However, there is a risk of low or no payment because buyers set the price and sellers must accept it. Therefore, this study aims to explore ways to mitigate the risk of low admission payments in museums by leveraging consumers’ self-construal. Specifically, it investigates the impact of independent and interdependent self-construal on the willingness-to-pay (WTP) under PWYW and PWYW+charity strategies. Respondents were divided into four groups, primed with either independent or interdependent self-construal, and subjected to a 2×2 experiment. A survey was conducted with 187 participants in their 20s and 30s who had visited an exhibition at least once in the past year. Results indicated that the PWYW+charity strategy led to higher WTP than the simple PWYW strategy. Moreover, interdependent self-construal priming induced higher WTP in the charity combined condition. This study suggests that by using self-construal priming in public museums employing the PWYW pricing strategy, museums can increase WTP, thereby reducing the likelihood of too low payments and mitigating financial risks. This contributes to the development of effective marketing strategies for museums.

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