『梵網經菩薩戒本私記卷上』 元曉 진찬여부 논쟁에 관한 재고

Abstract

This paper will explore the controversy over authorship concerning the Beommagyeong-bosalgyebonsagi (『梵網經菩薩戒本私記』: from hereon Sagi) and attempts to approach this problem with a special focus on the concept of the three bodies(三身) as represented in the Sagi. Beommagyeong, a text recording the East Asian Māhāyana Buddhist Precepts, is an apocryphal text constructed around the 5th century in China. Nevertheless, it was considered a text of great importance in East Asian Buddhism, and major commentaries have been based on it, of which Sagi is one. Up until recent times, the Sagi has been classified as one of the many writings of Wŏnhyo(617-686) of the Silla dynasty. But in 1980,Sensho Kimura(木村宣彰) started to raise doubts about this uncontested fact, which entailed an emergence of scholastic controversy over this issue concerning Wŏnhyo’s authorship on that particular text. A number of scholars taking part in this debate supported their views by paying close attention to Wŏnhyo’s style of writing: common formats, usage of concepts, and a comparison with his other writings. In this paper, I introduce an issue that has not yet been at the center of the discussion, namely, ‘The theory of the three bodies of Buddha’ in the Sagi. Historically, the names of each Buddha within the concept of the three bodies differed variously according to the text and school. The typical names include the dharma body(法身),reward body(報身), response body(應身), and transformed body(化身). Wŏnhyo, generally employs many different variations in order to explain the three bodies instead of just one set of terms. Yet, in the Sagi we notice an exception in Wŏnhyo’s style. In this particular text, the three bodies are explained using the set, dharma bodyresponse body-transformed body, without any mention of other terms. Furthermore, the perfect correspondence of each body with Vairocana(毘盧遮那)-Rocana(盧舍那)-Śākyamuni(釋迦牟尼) cannot be located in any other writings by Wŏnhyo. As such, I show a critical reconsideration to the claim that Sagi is a writing of Wŏnhyo.