화엄종에서 바라보는 깨달음의 유형과 방식

Abstract

This paper explores types and ways of the enlightenment viewed in the Huayan thoughts. First, the Flower Ornament Sutra’s view is different from those of the others’. The reason why people are called the sentient beings in the Sutra is not because they are naturally polluted but because they are just named the sentient beings as their natural wisdom is temporarily covered with their pollutions. The enlightenment generally means the fundamental changes of the states from the sentient beings based on the pollutions to Buddhas based on the wisdom. But in the view of the Huayan thoughts, there is no switch from the former to the latter, for one who has been a Buddha ‘already’ begins to be aware of oneself as a Buddha and just manifests oneself in the real world. It is called ‘Being a Buddha’ in the Huayan thoughts. The next is why the Huayan thoughts see the enlightenment in that way. It basically comes from the structure of the Sutra. The Sutra describes the world of the Buddha’s initial enlightenment itself. The word of ‘initial’ means the time when the Buddha had enlightened for the first time, and also means ‘the beginning of that there is no beginning nor ending’. It has the same meaning as the One Mind is set outside the Nine Periods of Times: the former is outside the latter, although, the former is corresponding with each of the latter. In this point, the view of time in the Sutra or in the Huayan is different from those of the others’. This paper explains these Huayan’s different views and time with focus on the Sutra and masters’ annotations on the Sutra.