고려후기·조선초 천태종단의 존재양상 추이 및 동향 - 주요 고승과 사찰을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate Buddhistic history of Ch’ontae School prior to the merger of several branches in early Chosun since its foundation. There had been five including Gukchong Temple which is the national precepter operated since Uicheon founded the administration. As a remarkable accomplishment during that time, newly implemented Monk's Examination system led to the emergence of venerable monks centered on Gaekyoung. In the early period of Military Rule, not only the association in Gaekyoung but also others centered on Baekryeonsa Temple had led Korean Buddhist community with Sooseonsa(修禪社 結社) monks. During the latter period of Yuan Dynasty’s interference, venerable monk Jeongjoyian had led the administration as Seokgyo Dochongseop(都摠攝) settled on Temple Myoryŏn and as royal precepters, Won Hye and Jeongo were designated. As leader of dhyāna, Jeongo led the buddhist circle by restoring the main Gukchong Temple, seeking reunion of Cheontae School. Uiseon from Cho Ingyu’s family served the buddhist circle as Sānzàng Fǎshī Zaeunkun settled on Temple Myoryŏn. However, ever since the rule of King Kongmin, high priests of Ch’ontae School including Mundo led the circle based on Manuisa Temple in Suwon. There were more such as Heeam, Bokrikum, Naamwon, Yowon, Shinjo, Hyunkyun, and Kongamzoku. Those are all having tried to reinvigorate the spirit of association and under the circumstances it seems to be divided into Ch’ontae, Sojhia of Myoryeon Temple, and Beopsa of Baekryeonsa Temple. Right after the foundation of Chosun dynasty in 1394, Kongamzoku was designated as a master, leading the buddhist circle for a while. However, King Taejong’s suppression on the religion and King Sejong’s new policy recommending both Seonjong and Kyojong to reunite, made them into one Ch’ontae sect and shortly again, it changed itself to Jogye. During the period, the highest priest Chungho and Ch’ontaejonsa Haengho had led the circle. Haengho tried to promote Ch’ontae by reestablishing Baekryeonsa Temple.