『梵網經古迹記』의 十長養에 대한 考察 - 四無量心, 四攝法을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The Beom Mang Gyeong, a Buddhist Sutra translated near about 5th century in China, has been known as a spurious scripture but it has contributed to spread out Bodhisattva precepts to rulers and masses in Northeast Asia, including Korea, Japan, and China, so as to provide them with Buddhist social morals. The previous instances of kings receiving Bodhisattva precepts in China were known to the rulers of the three kingdoms and Gaya in the ancient Korean peninsula. They received Bodhisattva precepts, regarding Buddhism as an ideology of ruling their countries at that time so as to pacify the pains by wars and pray for the peace of the souls of the people killed in wars and eventual results of social stability. In the case of Silla dynasty, the rituals of receiving precepts were transmitted from China by Jajang(慈藏) and Buddhist scriptures concerned with precepts were studied by masters like Taehyun(太賢) and Wonhyo(元曉), and many commentaries were written at that time, which promoted the better understanding of Buddhist precepts, resulting in their developments. One of remarkable sutras concerned with Boddhisattva precepts is Beom Mang Gyeong. Taehyun wrote a commentary known as Beom Mang Gyeong Go Jeog Gi(梵網經古迹記). In the contents of this work, the accounts of Ten Jangyang(十長養) is especially related with the precepts and morals about human society as it includes Four Immeasurable States of Mind(四無量心) and Four Methods of Achieving Unity(四攝法), which is known to have contributed to the harmony and unity of Buddhist orders since the age of Sakyamuni Buddha. In Silla dynasty, the Ten Jangyang must have been a primary precept of Bodhisattva precepts to promote the mutual understanding of rulers and subordinates, providing principles for maintaining society and nation. In Silla dynasty, the studies of Hwaom(華嚴) was prosperous. Bodhisattva precepts were one of expedients for practicing doctrines shown in the Hwaom thought so that it was essential for students of Mahayana precepts to consider scriptures like Bodhisattvabhūmi-sūtra(菩薩地持經) and Beom Mang Gyeong. Taehyun wrote his commentary of Beom Mang Gyeong Go Jeog Gi from the view point of Yoga Order (瑜伽宗), putting emphasis on doctrines of Emptiness and Just a Mind(唯識). Tahhyun was a patriarch of Yoga Order to open and deepen the understanding of Four Immeasurable States of Mind so as to adapt the doctrines of Emptiness and Just a Mind to the understanding of his contemporary people.