일제강점기 재일 불교유학생들의 귀국 이후 동향 - 불교연구자를 중심으로 -

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to research the trend of after return home of the students studying in Japan in the Japanese Colonial Period(1910~1945). The Buddhists who were suppressed by Confucian for 500 years of Joseon Dynasty had distinguished agony for succession and innovation of traditional Buddhism. Because they should experience the colonial age after the suppression for 500 years of Joseon Dynasty, they had burning hearts to search for 'independence of people' and 'freedom of religion'. Rather than anything else, the Buddhist young men, who accepted the lesson of Buddha that increased the dignity of human as a world view, had distinguished mind for the independence of Daehan and the freedom of religion. At that time, the Buddhist intelligent tried to find out the method and alternative plan to solve the agonies in the study aborad. The Buddhist intelligent tried to reform the Buddhist order and search for the independence of people through the experience of study aborad. However, unlike the students studying aborad on government scholarship, the Buddhist students supported with public expense had economic difficulties. At that time, the temples that can dispatch various students were representative main temples of the related areas. Unlike them, the temple that did not have much power was hard to dispatch just 1 student. In order to dispatch 1 student studying aborad, the temple should prepare much expense. Therefore, the Buddhist students studying in Japan were usually from the main temples of country. The Buddhist priests in the Japanese Colonial Period preferred the Buddhist universities of Japan by considering the affinity as a Buddhist, scholarship and dormitory. Therefore, many students studied in The Ts’ao-tung order foundation University, The Limje order foundation University and The T’ien-tai order foundation University which were Seon lines like Daehanbulgyo Limje Order. Besides these universities, the students studied in The Ilyreon order Lipjung University belonging to Sano Genrei(佐野前勵) who completed lifting of a city wall for enterance, Daegok University founded by Higasi-honganji of Daegok branch in The Pure-Land Jin sect belonging to Okumura Enshin(奧村円心) and religious university founded by Pure Land Order. Besides the Buddhist universities, the students studied in general private universities like Toyo University that was founded by Inoue Enryo(井上円了, 1858~1919) who led the psychological establishment of Buddhism and Buddhist Innovation Movement for his life time as a modern Buddhist philosopher of Japan and the national universities like University of Tokyo. The students studying in China and Europe instead of Japan worried about and selected same thing. When considering that the status of Buddhist students studying aborad were priests, it was not easy for them to select private universities, avoiding Buddhist universities. However, they tried to study Buddhism in the stage different from the environment of Japanese Buddhism and they displayed the new Buddhist activities in domestic area after they came back home. The students studying aborad who were engaged in the Buddhist studies thaught students in Dongguk University, some private universities or Buddhist middle or high schools, researching Buddhist culture, history, philosophy, religion, art, etc. Their achievements became the basic soil of Korean Buddhist study today. The Buddhist students studying in Japan were representative intelligent of Buddhist world. They were familiar with verbal or written language and they could devote themselves to political world, religious world and cultural world by using their international sense they learned through the study abroad after they came back home. They joined the innovation of Buddhism by submitting the thesis to the magazine like 『Buddhism』 and tried to reform the reality of colony and innovated the Buddhism. Because of these reasons, they tried to participate in the real policy actively and asserted in the Buddhist Order vigorously. At that time, the Buddhist Order recognized the problem of the dispatch of student studying in Japan to nurture the talented Buddhist priest when its return was 'change of major', 'marriage' and 'returning to secular life'. However, it should be understood that the problem was directly connected to the structural issue of Buddhist Order that did not prepare the relationship between religion and country or order and society sufficiently. However, the Buddhist Order did not cope with the issue in this way. As a result, the Buddhism left a deep scar while passing thorough the tunnel of Buddhist Purification(1954~1962~1970). Therefore, when we search for the method to originate the public and universal Korean Buddhism today, this part will be the assignment for mid-way wisdom that should be solved by using all kinds of wisdom of Buddhism.