갈애의 발생과 소멸에 관한 일고찰 - 빠알리(Pāli) 문헌을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study aims to identify performative status by examining the meaning and nature of craving (渴愛), which is the main cause of suffering (苦), and exploring the conditions under which it arises (生起) and how to make it disappear. Since craving is the source of all suffering, the cessation of craving means Nirvana as the end of suffering. To the extent that it can be said that the Buddhist method of practice is concentrated in the direction to extinguish craving, craving is regarded as a key element that must be purified. Craving is usually divided into three types: craving for sensual pleasures, craving for being (bhava, 有), and craving for nothingness (vibhava, 無有). This goes beyond a mere formal and schematic classification and becomes a condition for craving each. Craving for being refers to obsession with sang-gyeon (常見), the view that the self (我) and the world (界) persist. Craving for nothingness is the obsession with dan-gyeon (斷見), the view that everything is destroyed after death. Some believe that these two cravings should be understood only as a response to sensation (受) for pleasure (樂) and suffering (苦), which are its foundations. However, in Pāli literature including the nikāyas, craving for the dhamma (法) is specified as the object of the faculty of mind (意根). Affirmation is given that craving is related to acts of the sixfold sense bases, the five aggregates, and the whole subject. Nevertheless, if the explicit meaning of craving is limited only to the response of the sensual, there is a problem that its comprehensive character will be reduced. Despite the function and importance of craving in the practice of Buddhism, systematic discussions have not been held in earnest in academia until now. The results of this study can serve as an opportunity to broaden the conceptual understanding of craving and draw attention to the performative status.