고구려 승랑의 융합적 사유 - 중가의(中假義)와 이교의(理敎義) -

Abstract

Seungrang is one of the most representative thinkers of Korean Buddhism. Although he left Goguryeo and spent most of his life in China, his thoughts can be defined not only as Chinese Buddhism but also as Korean Buddhism because his creative ideas are distinguished from those of other Chinese thinkers. He looked at the problems facing Chinese Buddhism from the critical perspective of a stranger and was able to present a new answer based on the cultural back- ground of Goguryeo. Undoubtedly, he created the independent Sanlun thought by absorbing various theories of Chinese Buddhism at the time without being bound by a specific school of thought. This paper reviews a creative and integrative interpretation of Seungrang, focusing on Zhongjiayi (中假義) and Lijiaoyi (理敎義), the fundamental thoughts of the Sanlun school. Seungrang expressed the inseparable relationship between the middle way and the provisional names, called Zhongjiayi, with the phrase “it is neither existence nor non-existence but there are, nevertheless, existence and non-existence (⾮有⾮無, ⽽有⽽無).” He thought the middle way and the provisional names interact without any obstacles. The provisional names that occurred based on the middle way also represent the free teachings of the Mahayana scriptures. Another core thought of Seungrang is Lijiaoyi, which represents the correlation between reason and teachings. He insisted that “two truths are the teachings,” and overcame the dual confrontational thinking of Chengshilunshi’s yueli-erdi theory (約理⼆諦說) and Sengliang’s yuejing-erdi theory (約境⼆諦說). He emphasized that the teachings are in an inevitable relationship with reason. In addition, he created the new concepts of yudi (於諦) and jiaodi (敎諦) and reinterpreted the teachings as dynamic communication between the enlightened and those who are preached to.