한국 비담사상 - 최치원의 비문을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study examines the ‘Damsi Transmission Theory (曇始 初傳說)’ and Bidam (Abhidharma) Thought Transmission Theory mentioned in Choi Chi-won’s (崔致遠) inscription and ‘Abhidharma Thought Transmission Theory (毘曇思想 初傳說)’ to define whether the theory is authentic or not. Regarding the ‘Abhidharma Thought Transmission Theory’, first, the existing claims of Geyi (格義佛敎), non-Geyi (⾮格義佛敎) and Sini (神異) Buddhism were found to be based on the trends of the Chinese Buddhism, the transmitter, and on transmitters’ Buddhist trends. Moreover, according to the scriptures mainly translated from China at the Buddhism transmission time, most of the records were found to be related to Abhidharma Thought. In addition, the monks, who are generally accepted as conventional or unconventional Buddhists, were not only interested in Abhidharma Thought, but also directly participated in the work of translating scriptures related to Abhidharma Thought. Also, when taking a look at the contents of ‘Goseungjeon (⾼僧傳)’ and ‘Haedonggoseungjeon (海東⾼僧傳)’, which mention some doctrines at the time of the introduction of Buddhism to Goguryeo, Buddhism transmitted to Goguryeo is deemed to be In Cheon In Gwa Gyo (⼈天因果敎) or Abhidharma Buddhism. Moreover, considering that Yuljang (律藏, Vinaya Piṭaka), which was popular in China at the time, was the Sabuyul of Abhidharma (四部律, caturvarga-vinaya), Buddhism at the time of transmission is deemed to be Abhidharma Buddhism. In particular, when taking a view at the characteristics of Goguryeo temples that were built after the transmission, this claim seems clearer. In other words, the Goguryeo temple building layout at that time involved the trendy one-pagoda and three-main hall and octagonal Buddhist pagoda style, one of the most popular temple building arrangements in China, because this style was based on the pagoda building thought (造塔思想) of Vinaya Piṭaka of Abhidharma. Therefore, Buddhism at the time of its introduction to Korea is highly likely to be Abhidharma Thought, as Choi Chi-won revealed in the inscription of Buddhist priest Jijeungdaesasukjo monument at Bongamsa Temple (鳳巖寺智證⼤師寂照塔碑).