Hierarchy and Diversity in Thailand’s Changing Political Landscape
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This essay offers a critical reassessment of cultural diversity in Thailand,a concept that has had different meanings at different times in thecountry’s modern political history. From the time the country soughtto modernize its political system and during the period of statebuilding and militarization after World War II up until the 1980s,Bangkok-centered political development reinforced hierarchical normsand promoted a nationalist ideology that both celebrated diversityand limited the ways in which the country’s minorities could bemembers of this Thai polity. By the 1990s and early 2000s, a periodof democratization set in when minorities became more vocal inrepresenting themselves than they had been able to do in the past. Thehistoric 1997 Constitution gave legal recognition to the demands to playa role in the management of their cultural heritage. Drawing attention tothe discursive and policy interventions on the one hand and communitylevel strategies for dealing with the Thai state on the other, the paperprofiles two minority communities which deployed the language ofhierarchy as well as rights to advocate for their interests. The concludingsection outlines the conservative retrenchment Thailand is undergoingas a result of protracted military rule. Throughout, the essay argues thatcultural diversity has little meaning in politically repressive conditions.
Abstract
This essay offers a critical reassessment of cultural diversity in Thailand,a concept that has had different meanings at different times in thecountry’s modern political history. From the time the country soughtto modernize its political system and during the period of statebuilding and militarization after World War II up until the 1980s,Bangkok-centered political development reinforced hierarchical normsand promoted a nationalist ideology that both celebrated diversityand limited the ways in which the country’s minorities could bemembers of this Thai polity. By the 1990s and early 2000s, a periodof democratization set in when minorities became more vocal inrepresenting themselves than they had been able to do in the past. Thehistoric 1997 Constitution gave legal recognition to the demands to playa role in the management of their cultural heritage. Drawing attention tothe discursive and policy interventions on the one hand and communitylevel strategies for dealing with the Thai state on the other, the paperprofiles two minority communities which deployed the language ofhierarchy as well as rights to advocate for their interests. The concludingsection outlines the conservative retrenchment Thailand is undergoingas a result of protracted military rule. Throughout, the essay argues thatcultural diversity has little meaning in politically repressive conditions.
참고문헌 (26)
- David Streckfuss, "An ‘Ethnic’ Reading of ‘Thai’ History in the Twilight of the Century-Old Thai National Model", Southeast Asia Research, 20(3), pp.316~ (2012)
- Yoko Hayami, "Redefining ‘Otherness’ from Northern Thailand: Notes Towards Debating Multiculturalism in Thailand and Beyond", Southeast Asian Studies, 44(2), pp.285~ (2006)
- Charles Keyes, "Presidential Address: ‘The Peoples of Asia’–Science and Politics in the Classification of Ethnic Groups in Thailand, China, and Vietnam", Journal of Asian Studies, 61(4), pp.1193~ (2002)
- Sirijit Sunanta, "The State and Ethnic Identity of the Phu Tai: A Case Study from Mukdahan", Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre Newsletter, March 2013, 15, ~ (2013)
- Charles Keyes, "Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific", pp.1~ (1997), MIT Press
- Keyes, "Cultural Diversity and National Identity in Thailand", 23~
- Streckfuss, "An ‘Ethnic’ Reading of ‘Thai’ History", 316~
- W. A. Smalley, "Linguistic Diversity and National Unity: Language Ecology in Thailand", pp.317~ (1994), Univ. of Chicago Press
- Streckfuss, "An ‘Ethnic’ Reading of ‘Thai’ History", 315~
- Mark Tamthai, "Imagined Land? The State and Southern Violence in Thailand", pp.39~ (2009), Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa
- Anan Ganjanapan, "Local Control of Land and Forest: Cultural Dimensions of Resource Management in Northern Thailand", pp.4~ (2000), Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development–Chiang Mai University
- Paul M. Handley, "The King Never Smiles: A Biography of Thailand’s Bhumibol Adulyadej", pp.167~ (2006), Yale University Press
- Thomas Kirsch, "Phu Thai Religious Syncretism: A Case Study of Thai Religion and Society", PhD, pp.1967
- Akka-amnuay Piyamas, "The Phuthai People and Their Political Roles on the Phu Phan Ranges During 1945–1980", MA, pp.2002
- Sirijit Sunanta, "Rights to Culture: Heritage, Language and Community in Thailand", pp.169~170 (2013), Silkworm Books
- Sirijit Sunanta, "Rights to Culture: Heritage, Language and Community in Thailand", pp.183~ (2013), Silkworm Books
- "Restrictions Sinking Sea Gypsies" (2012)[URL]
- "Prawit Steps into Sea Gypsy Land Dispute" (2012)[URL]
- "Thailand Common Country Assessment" (2016)[URL]
- Micah F. Morton, "The Indigenous Peoples’ Movement in Thailand Expands", ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute Perspective, 68, pp.2~ (2016)
- Micah F. Morton, "The Indigenous Peoples’ Movement in Thailand Expands", ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute Perspective, 68, pp.11~ (2016)
- "State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2015: Events of 2014" (2015)[URL]
- "Draft Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2016–Unofficial English Translation"[URL]
- "A New Era of Intolerance in Thailand?" (2016)[URL]
- David Streckfuss, "The Politics of Race", Ethnicity in Thailand: A Brief Overview, 2015, pp.9~