글로벌 사이버 신뢰구축조치의 발전: 유엔 전문가그룹회의와 개방형 작업반의 보고서 분석
The Development of Global Cyber Confidence Building Measures: Analyzing Consensus Reports of the UNGGE and OEWG
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사이버 공간의 평화와 안정을 위한 신뢰구축조치의 노력들은 어떻게 진행되고 있는가? 본 연구는 1990년대 후반부터 진행되어 온 사이버 공간의 국제 안보적 맥락에서 진행된 글로벌 논의를 대상으로 사이버 신뢰구축조치의 발전을 분석했다. 기존 연구들은 대체로 사이버 신뢰구축조치 논의에 대한 보고 혹은 정책적 비평에 그치는 수준이며, 매우 소수만이 체계적 분석을 위한 분석 틀을 제시하고 있다. 그리고 그러한 분석 틀조차도 종합적이거나 경향성을 파악하기에 부족하다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 본 연구는 투명성, 안정화 그리고 협력적 조치로 구성되는 분석 틀을 제시한다. 지금까지 사이버 안보 분야에서 가장 주목을 받고 있는 회의체는 단연 국제 연합(United Nations, UN) 혹은 유엔의 정부전문가그룹회의와 개방형 작업반일 것이다. 따라서 해당 회의체에서 발간된 합의문의 내용 분석(content analysis)을 행한다. 분석 결과, 사이버 신뢰구축에 대한 논의는 지난 여러 회기 동안 더욱 심화되었고, 사이버 신뢰구축의 강조점이 변화되어 왔다. 특히 투명성 조치의 지속적인 강조 뿐 아니라, 협력적 조치의 점증적 강조가 특히 눈에 띤다. 그리고 전반적으로 안정화 조치는 상대적으로 적은 경향성이 보인다. 이러한 경향성은 사이버 공간의 특수성 때문에 비롯된 것으로 생각해 볼 수 있다. 한국은 이러한 경향성을 파악하여, 사이버 신뢰구축조치의 양자적 혹은 지역적 주도권을 확보하는 방안을 모색할 수 있다.
Abstract
How has the global efforts in cyber confidence-building measures (CCBMs) developed? The existing studies tend either to merely report or to provide comments on the state of affairs, or make policy suggestions, being short of academic endeavor. This research, however, offers a framework of confidence- building measures in the cyber domain, so that the framework would allow researchers and policymakers to systematically analyze the develoment of CCBMs. The CCBMs framework consists of three components, i.e., transparency, stabilization, and cooperative measures, each of which has more specific components, increasing the applicability of the framework to the state of affairs and to future developments. The research examines consensus reports published so far both by the Group of Governmental Experts and Open-Ended Working Group of the United Nations because these forums both represent the global community and enjoy international legitimacy with its publications. The findings suggest, first, that the global discussion on CCBMs has developed both in terms of scope and depth; second, that the focus of the discussion has been shifted from transparency to cooperation; third, that the discussion has remain relatively silent on stabilization measures; lastly, that some transparency measures are more discussed than other such measures due to unique characteristics of cyberspace. This research makes academic- and policy-wise contributions, in that it provides a framework of CCBMs, which provides the basis of future theoretical and empirical analyses; as well as in that the framework suggests a roadmap to policymakers, who struggles to grasp the ongoing development and introduce new measures to facilitate cooperation and to deal with increasing risks related to cyberspace.
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