燕行錄에 나타난 ‘嘔血臺’의 의미 연구

Abstract

While the diplomatic trip to Beijing is included in Chinese territory, those who used that road for a long time were the envoys from Joseon. The record on diplomatic trip written by envoys built a quantity of cultural geography from Hanyang(capital) during Joseon period to Beijing, China. In particular, major battlefields along the road from Shenyang to Shanhaiguan drew substantial attention from the envoys of Joseon dynasty during the transition from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. It is because the soldiers from Joseon fought on those battlefields for Ming Dynasty at first and then Qing Dynasty. Furthermore, Joseon dynasty surrendered to Qing Dynasty felt a sense of kinship on the collapse of Ming Dynasty. In particular, Ningyuan fortress was the only place where Ming Dynasty continuously losing its territory perfectly won against the attack from later Chin Dynasty and then Qing Dynasty. Ningyuan fortress was the place for Joseon people surrendered after failing to protect Namhansanseong fortress surrounded by the army from later Chin dynasty to feel highly delighted by perfectly win against the army from later Chin dynasty. However, Yuan Chonghuan driving out the barbarians was killed by the emperor due to mischief making by those barbarians. Joseon people fell into despair due to the sad history of Ming Dynasty which demolished the Great Wall of China by itself. “Guhyeoldae(mountain where Nurhachi vomited blood due to uncontrollable anger)” demonstrated the emotion of those Joseon people. The generation passing through Manchurian invasion to Korea in 1636 hesitated a lot when talking about Yuan Chonghuan and Ningyuan fortress. Yuan Chonghuan was punished by the emperor as being branded as the traitor and his honor was not restored yet. While people sympathized with the wrongful death of Yuan Chonghuan, it was difficult to publicly discuss it. Furthermore, that generation experienced the attack from Qing Dynasty in Ganghwado island or Namhansanseong fortress during Manchurian invasion to Korea in 1636, they couldn't describe the horrible scenes of battle in Ningyuan fortress. They couldn't talk about even the word “Khan” because of the memory about the ‘detainment in Shenyang’ twice. However, the generation born after the war, the generation watching the collapse of Ming Dynasty, didn't hesitate when they talked about the injustice of Yuan Chonghuan or ‘horrible explosion’. When the intervention of Qing Dynasty to the domestic affairs of Joseon dynasty was reduced, that generation described anti-Qing Dynasty sentiment as a tale. The thrilling revenge story was made up by talking about Ming Dynasty not Joseon. The representative case is the legend of ‘Guhyeoldae’.