군대에 묶인 대학생의 몸 — 1969~1971년 대학 교련과 교련 반대운동 —

Abstract

Military education for students, which was a colonial remnant, virtually disappeared from schools in the mid-1950s. It was revived in the late 1960s amid the security crisis on the Korean Peninsula. The Park Chung-hee government's attempt to control college students through military education had already appeared in the process of suppressing the student movement before the security crisis. At the time, it could not be implemented due to strong opposition, but thanks to the security crisis, military education for students was able to be revived in 1969 without much opposition. In the 1970s, the Park Chung-hee government significantly strengthened college military education. College students defined this as militarization of the academy and launched a movement against military education throughout 1971. Accordingly, the Park Chung-hee government partially abandoned its policy of strengthening college military education. However, they did not give up on deploying active-duty military instructors to colleges. Furthermore, college military education was institutionalized and its level was gradually increased. This was ultimately a process that made college students more similar to soldiers. The reasons why the Park Chung-hee government tried to strengthen college military education and why it insisted on deploying active-duty military instructors can be understood in the context of the institutionalization of military education. To make college students like real soldiers, more time, higher levels, and active-duty military instructors were essential. College students resisted this until the end. However, amid the Park Chung-hee government's military deployment, forced conscription, and anti-regime discourse, the movement against military education was ultimately frustrated. In this way, military education was firmly established in colleges.