북미 신보수주의 신학 탐구 - 맥스 스텍하우스의 ‘공공의 신학’을 중심으로
On North American Neo-conservative Theologies: A Critique to Max L. Stackhouse's "Public Theology"
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초록
20세기 후반에 하나의 남미 대륙에서는 서로 다른 두 신학이 태어나 서로 다투며 발전했다. 하나는 남미의 해방신학이고 다른 하나는 북미의 신보수주의 신학이다. 필자는 이 글에서 먼저 마이클 노박, 맥스 스텍하우스, 데니스 맥켄 등으로 대표되는 북미 신보수주의 신학이 어떤 공통적 주제와 방법론을 가지고 미국의 기업들을 위한 ‘경제의 신학’을 발전시켜나갔는지를 살펴보고, 이어서 이러한 경제의 신학의 하나로서 스텍하우스의 ‘공공의 신학’을 집중적으로 분석하고 비평한다. 최근 한국에서 아프간 피랍 사태 이후 기독교 신학과 윤리를 현대사회의 공적 영역과 접목하는데 노력하는 스텍하우스의 공공의 신학이 큰 주목을 받기 시작했으나, 필자는 미국 경제의 신학의 하나로서의 그의 공공의 신학은 기업의 도덕적이고 영적 가능성을 너무 낙관한 나머지 자본주의 정치경제와 너무 쉬운 연관성을 주장하게 되었고, 그 결과 그가 모든 인류 문명의 기풍을 개혁하기 위해 강조하는 이른바 초상황적ㆍ초문화적ㆍ초역사적 규범은 허울뿐인 초월로 귀결되었음을 비판한다.
Abstract
In the late 20th century, two different theologies were born and developed in the American continent - theology of liberation in South/Latin America and theology of the corporations in North America. Identifying the latter as "neo-conservative" theology, and naming Michael Novak, Max L. Stackhouse, and Dennis P. McCann as its three key figures, the author first introduces common themes and features of North American neo-conservative theology in general and then engages in the analysis and critiques of Stackhouse's "public theology" in particular. The author criticizes that Stackhouse is too optimistic about the moral and spiritual potentiality of corporations, and that his context-transcending norms become transcendental only in name because of his conflicting commitment to the transcendental and the incarnational, and that at last his public theology in particular and North American neo-conservative theology in general are too submissive and too easily relevant to a capitalist political economy.
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