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[번역논문] 원(原)도마복음

The Original Gospel of Thomas

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신학사상연구소 (Theological Thought Institute)|2021.09|신학사상 (THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT)|제194호|pp. 505-549|DOI 10.35858/sinhak.2021..194.015

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참고문헌

키워드

도마복음뭉쳐지는 본문의 집적사회-수사 비평층위 모델독자-반응 비평the Gospel of ThomasRolling CorpusSocio-rhetorical Criticismthe Stratification ModelReader-Response Approach
주제분류기독교신학

초록

도마복음은 기독교적이며 유대교적인, 그리고 금욕적인(encratic)이며, 헤르메스주의적(hermetic)이고, 심지어 묵시적-신비적인 다양한 종교적 전승을 포함하고 있을 뿐 아니라, 명백히 무작위로 모여진 수수께끼 같은 말씀의 모음집이다. 더욱이 중복 본문(doublets)과 내용상 서로 모순되는 말씀을 포함한다는 점에서 당혹스럽다. 우리는 하나의 본문에 이러한 모순되는 자료와 중복 본문의 존재, 그리고 그렇게 많은 종교 전통의 존재를 어떻게 설명할 수 있을까? 전통적인 구성 모델은 한 저자가 역사적 순간에 다양한 말씀을 모아우리가 알고 있는 도마복음을 만들었다고 가정한다. 이 모델은 저자가 왜 그의 복음서에 상충되는 말씀, 그리고 그의 문서 또는 구전 자료에서 나온 중복 본문 또는 매우 다양한 종교적 전승을 포함시키기로 선택했는지, 그리고 왜 저자가 왜 그렇게 느슨하게 복음서를 구성하기로 했는지 설명할 수 없다. 드코닉(A. D. DeConick)은 도마복음을 위한 새로운 구성 모델을 개발한다. 이 모델은 기존의 다른 모델이 설명하지 못하고 있는 문제를 설명할 뿐 아니라 Q의 계층화나 그와 유사한 문제가 있는 이론의 결론을 전제로 하지 않는 것이다. 그녀는 맥케인(William McKane)이 예레미아서 주석에서 사용한 “뭉쳐지는 본문의 집적”(rolling corpus)의 관점에서 도마복음의 구성 역사를 설명한다. “뭉쳐지는 본문의 집적”은 예언자의 (입에서 나온) “바로 그대로의 어구”(ipsissima verba)로 시작하는 책이다. 시간이 지남에 따라 추가 자료는 코어와 관련하여 집계되고 구성된다. 나아가 사회 수사학적 비평과 독자-반응 접근 방식의 통찰에 의지하여 그녀는 발전, 반응성, 동조자의 원리를 적용한 결과를 통해 핵심 도마복음을 재구성한다.

Abstract

The Gospel of Thomas is an enigmatic set of apparently random sayings which contain a wide diversity of religious traditions including ChristianJewish, encratic, hermetic, and even apocalyptic-mystical traditions. This gospel is additionally perplexing in that it contains doublets and sayings which seem to contradict themselves. How can we explain the presence of these contradictory materials and doublets in one text as well as the presence of so many religious traditions? The Traditional Model of composition assumes that one author brought together a variety of sayings at some historical moment, creating the Gospel of Thomas as we know it. This model has not been able to adequately explain why the author would choose to include in his gospel conflicting sayings and doublets from his written or oral sources or such an extreme diversity of religious traditions, and why the author would choose to structure the gospel so loosely. A. D. DeConick develops a new compositional model for the Gospel of Thomas, one which will explain the persistent problems that other models have not, one that does not have as its premises the conclusions of problematic theories such as Q’s stratification and the like. She explains the compositional history of the Gospel of Thomas in terms of a “rolling corpus” that William McKane used in his commentary on Jeremiah. A rolling corpus is a book that begins with the ipsissima verba of a prophet. Over time, additional material becomes aggregated and organized in relation to the core. Furthermore depending upon the insights of Socio-rhetorical Criticism and the Reader-Response approach, she reconstructs the kernel Gospel of Thomas by the results of the application of the Principles of Development, Responsiveness, and Constituency.

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