『그리스도를 본받아』와의 비교를 통하여 본『영신수련』에서의 ‘사용-향유’(uti-frui) 이론의 변용
De Imitatione Christi and transformation of ‘uti-frui’ theory in The Spiritual Exercises
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토마스 아 켐피스의『그리스도를 본받아』는 이냐시오 데 로욜라가 편집한『영신수련』의 하나의 문헌적 원천이었다. 이냐시오는 자신이 발견한 활동 중심의 새로운 영적 삶의 양식을 표현하기 위해『영신수련』을 편집하면서『그리스도를 본받아』를 통해 매개된 중세 관상전통의 가르침을 받아들여 자신의 영성의 유기적인 요소들이 되도록 하였다. 본 논문은『그리스도를 본받아』와『영신수련』사이에 존재하는 영성의 불연속성을 구체적으로 이해하는 것을 목적으로 하여 자세한 문헌 비교를 한다. 먼저 두 영성이 근본적으로 다른 지향과 이상을 가지고 있음을 보이고, 특히『영신수련』의 ‘원리와 기초’의 편집과정에서 이냐시오가 관상적인 삶에 관한 해석이론의 근간이었던 ‘사용-향유’ 원리를 차용하면서도 활동 중심의 자신의 영적 삶의 방식의 원리와 기초를 표현하기 위하여 그 원리를 어떻게 변용시켰는지 자세히 분석한다. 그리하여 논문은 이제까지의 연구에서는 밝힐 수 없었던 ‘원리와 기초’에 대한 새로운 이해를 제공하는 동시에 더 나아가 이냐시오가 자신이 발견한 영성의 새로움을 의식하였고 그것을 분명히 표현하기 위하여 관상생활 전통의 이론들과 표현들에 대하여 자각적인 편집활동을 하였다는 논지를 제시한다.
Abstract
Thomas à Kempis’s De Imitatione Christi was one of literary sources for Ignatius of Loyola when he edited The Spiritual Exercises. Ignatius took over teachings of the medieval contemplative tradition, mediated through Thomas’s book, so as to make them organic elements of his own spirituality. However, The Spiritual Exercises was a primary expression of his newly discovered action-oriented spiritual life. Aiming at concrete understanding of discontinuity in spirituality existing between De Imitatione Christi’ and The Spiritual Exercises, this paper carries out a detailed comparison of two works. Showing that two spiritualities differ fundamentally from each other in their intention and ideal, the paper offers especially a detailed analysis of ways in which Ignatius, on editing the text of ‘Principle and Foundation’, adopted the ‘uti-frui’ principle used traditionally for the hermeneutical theory of contemplative life and, also, of ways in which he transformed it so as to put together the principle and foundation of his action-oriented spiritual life. Thus, the paper offers new understanding of the text of 'Principle and Foundation,' and, furthermore, brings out the fact that Ignatius was conscious of the newness of his spiritual vision so that, to express it clearly, he carried out conscious redaction with reference to theories and expressions of the traditional contemplative spirituality.
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