디아코니아학의 도움으로 “해방신학 유효하게 만들기”

Abstract

Liberation theology, which appeared in Latin America in the ‘60s, was rejected by the institutional church despite its realism and dynamics. The reason is that liberation theology is taking Marx’s theory of “class struggle” that denies established authority. In particular, due to the collapse of communism in the Eastern Bloc region in the 1990s, liberation theology linked to socialism was threatened with destruction. However, liberation theology is still activethrough a worldwide network, and social expectations for liberation theology have not declined. The church cannot be a church and act as a church if it abandons the principles proclaimed by liberation theology, the “Preferential Option for the Poor.” If so, we wonder whether the method of accomplishing this purpose can not be replaced with a theory other than ‘class struggle’. We are trying to change the method by maintaining the motivation and goals of liberation theology through this study. It is to replace the sociological methodology for achieving the goal of liberation theology with the theological methodology. In this article, we examine the ecclesiastical nature and characteristics of liberation theology formed in the Second Vatican Council, Medellin and Puebla Episcopal Conferences, and clarify the theological contributions made by liberation theologians such as Gutierrez. In addition, the positive and negative reactions of the institutional church to liberation theology and its influence are confirmed in the <Order on Some Aspects of Liberation Theology> and <The Instruction on Freedom and Liberation of Christianity>. Finally, as an alternative to Marx’s “class struggle,” we propose the “Christianity” and “Salvationism” of Diakonik, and the Diaconian “Ecclesiology” of “the theology of the disabled” as “Preferential Option for the Poor”.